1^07 



5752 
7 C7 
37 
I 1 



SUMMER SESSIOR 

Jui<Y 4TH TO August 14TH, 1907. 



OFFICERS. 



JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN, IvL.D,, 

President of the University. 
GEORGE PRENTICE BRISTOL, A.M., 

Director of the Summer Session. 
DAVID FLETCHER HOY, M.S., 

Registrar of the University. 



FACULTY. 



ISAAC MADISON BENTLEY, Ph.D., PSYCHOI.OGY 

Assistant Professor of Psychology, Cornell University. 

ERNEST BLAKER, Ph.D., Physics 

Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University. 

GEORGE PRENTICE BRISTOL, A.M., Greek 

Professor of Greek, Cornell University. 
ARTHUR WESLEY BROWNE, Ph.D., Chemistry 

Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Cornell University. 
CLINTON BYRON BURKE, Manuai, Training 

Foreman of Woodshop, Cornell University. 
GEORGE LINCOLN BURR, LL.D , History 

Professor of Mediaeval History, Cornell University. 
WALTER BUCKINGHAM CARVER, Ph.D., Mathematics 

Instructor in Mathematics, Cornell University. 

GEORGE EVERT CONDRA, Ph.D. Geography 

Professor of Geology, University of Nebraska. 

LANE COOPER, Ph.D., Engwsh 

Assistant Professor of English, Cornell University. 

STANLEY COULTER, Ph.D., Nature Study 

Professor of Biology, Purdue University. 

BLIN SILL CUSHMAN, B.S., Chemistry 

Instructor in Chemistry, Cornell University. 



Faculty. 



^^%iA 



ARTHUR DAVIS DEAN, B.S., Manual Training 

Special Investigator in Industrial Education, Boston, Mass. 

CHARLES DeGARMO, Ph.D., Education 

Professor of Education, Cornell University. 

HERBERT GROVE DORSEY, M.S., Physics 

Instructor in Physics, Cornell University. 
MELVIN DRESBACH, M.S., M.D., Physioi^ogy 

Instructor in Physiology, Cornell University. 
ELIAS JUDAH DURAND, D.Sc, Botany 

Instructor in Botany, Cornell University. 
CHARLES LOVE DURHAM, Ph.D., Latin 

Assistant Professor of Latin, Cornell University. 

CLARENCE ERROL FERREE, M.S., Psychoi,ogy 

Assistant in Psychology, Cornell University. 
WILLIAM BENJAMIN FITE, Ph.D., Mathematics 

Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Cornell University. 

CHARLES WELLINGTON FURLONG, Drawing and Design 
Author and Artist, Watertown, Mass. 

PAUL FREDERICK GAEHR, A.M., Physics 

Instructor in Physics, Cornell University. 

OTIS AMSDEN GAGE, A.M., PhYSICS 

Instructor in Physics, Cornell University. 

LUDWIG REINHOLD GEISSLER, B.Lit., Psychoi,ogy 

Assistant in Psychology, Cornell University. 
ARTHUR GORDON, A.M., ' Spanish 

Instructor in Romance Languages, Cornell University. 
OTHON GOEPP GUERLAC, Licenci^ es lettres, French 

Assistant Professor of Romance Languages, Cornell University. 

WALTER LISTON HEAD, Manuai. Training 

Assistant in Forging, Cornell University. 
JOHN IRWIN HUTCHINSON, Ph.D., MATHEMATICS 

Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Cornell University. 

OSCAR AUGUSTUS JOHANNSEN, Ph.D., Mechanics 

Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Cornell University. 

EDWIN WALTER KEMMERER, Ph.D., Powticai, Science 

Assistant Professor of Political Economy, Cornell University. 

DEXTER SIMPSON KIMBALL. A.B., Manuai, Training 

Professor of Machine Design, Cornell University. 



Faculty. 5 

BENJAMIN FREEMAN KINGSBURY, Ph.D., Physioi^ogy 

Assistant Professor of Physiology, Cornell University. 

AIvEXANDER DYER MacGILLIVRAY, Ph.D., EnTomoi,oGY 

Assistant Professor of Entomology, Cornell University. 

CHARIvES ALEXANDER McMURRY, Ph.D., Education 

Principal Penn. State Normal School, California, Pa. 

THEODORE CLARENCE MITCHILL, A.M., Engwsh 

Head of Dept. English, Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

GEORGE SYLVANUS MOLER, B.M.E., Photography 

Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University. 

EVERETT WARD OLMSTED, Ph.D., Fre;nch 

Assistant Professor of Romance Languages, Cornell University. 

THOMAS WALKER PAGE, Ph.D., Economics 

Professor of Economics, University of Virginia. 
FRITZ PAULS, Ph.D., German 

Instructor in German, Cornell University. 
JAMES E. PEABODY, A.M., B101.0GY 

Head of Dept. Biology, Morris High School, New York City. 
MILES ALBION POND, Ph.B., Descriptive Geometry 

Instructor in Civil Engineering, Cornell University. 

PAUL RUSSEL POPE, Ph.D., " German 

Assistant Professor of German, Cornell University. 
HUGH DANIEL REED, Ph.D., Zooi^OGY 

Instructor in Vertebrate Zoology, Cornell University. 
WILLIAM ALBERT RILEY, Ph.D., Entomoi^oGY 

- Assistant Professor of Entomology, Cornell University. 

Y.>j^ WILLARD WINFIELD ROWLEE, D.Sc, Botany 

\^% Professor of Botany, Cornell University. 

M JOHN SANFORD SHEARER, Ph.D., Physics 

^\. Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University. 

^pILALPH EDWARD SHELDON, A.M., Z001.OGY 

Fellow in Zoology, Harvard University. 
I FRED FLOYD SHETTERLY, A.B., Chemistry 

. • Assistant in Chemistry, Cornell University. 

^ 1R.ALPH CUTHBERT SNOWDON, A.B., Chemistry 

Instructor in Chemistry, Cornell University. 

A^IRGIL SNYDER, Ph.D., Mathematics 

Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Cornell University. 



6 Faculty. 

CHARIvBS M. STEBBINS, A.M., Engwsh 

Teacher of English, Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
JOHN HENRY TANNER, Ph. D., Mathematics 

Professor of Mathematics, Cornell University. 
RALPH STOCKMAN TARR, B.S., Geography 

Professor of Physical Geography, Cornell University. 
HARVEY WATERMAN THAYER, Ph.D., German 

Preceptor in German, Princeton University. 
EDWARQ BRADFOBD TITCHENER, LC^.D., Psychoi^ogy 

Sage Professor of Psychology, Cornell University. 
ROBERT VANDERHOEF, Manuai, Training 

Assistant in Foundry, Cornell University. 
CLAUDE HALSTEAD VAN TYNE, Ph.D., History 

Professor of History, University of Michigan. 
ALBERT EDWARD WELLS, Manuai. Training 

Superintendent of Shops, Cornell University. 
GUY MONTROSE WHIPPLE, Ph.D., Education 

Assistant Professor of Education, Cornell Univer.'-ity. 
RAY HUGHES WHITBECK, A.B., Geography 

Supervisor New Jersey State Normal School, Trenton. 
KARL MCKAY WIEGAND, Ph.D., Botany 

Instructor in Botany, Cornell University. 
JOHN TAM3H WILLIAMS, - Manuai, Training 

Instructor in Machine Design, Cornell University. 
ALBERT HAZEN WRIGHT, A.M., Zoology 

Assistant in Vertebrate Zoology, Cornell University. 



GENERAL STATEMENT. 



OBJECT OF THE SUMMEB, SESSION. 

The primary object of the instruction given in the Summer Session 
is to meet the needs of the following classes : 

I. Professors and Teachers in colleges and schools, superin- 
tendents, and supervisors of special branches of instruction. 

As the announcements of the different departments show, there is 
a wide range of work possible. In general, this work is either ad- 
vanced, and therefore suited for specialists who wish to pursue their 
individual investigations and study, or is of a more elementary char- 
acter adapted to teachers who desire to start in a new field. In addi- 
tion to the instruction of the class room, full opportunity is afforded 
both of these classes by the ample facilities of the University's libra- 
ries, laboratories, and shops, all of which are open for their use. For 
superintendents and supervisors there are also courses in administra- 
tion, and in general and special methods, besides lectures on educa- 
tional philosophy and theory. 

II. CoUeg'e Students in Cornell or other universities who wish 
to use some of the "long vacation." In the case of graduate stu- 
dents, some of the work offered may be counted toward an advanced 
degree. Undergraduates may anticipate work and thereby shorten 
their course, or may make up existing deficiencies. The conditions 
for receiving credit, and the amount which may be obtained, are 
stated below, pages 9, 10. 

III. Students entering the University and wishing to obtain 
advanced credit at entrance, or to complete the entrance require- 
ments. It often happens that students have in June more or less 
than the requirements for admission to college. The Summer 
Session affords them the opportunity either to add to their surplus, 
and so, in some cases, to gain a year in time ; or to make up their 
deficiency. 

IV. All persons qualified to pursue with profit any course given, 
whether or not they are engaged in study or teaching. 

STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE, 1906. 

The whole number enrolled in the Summer Session of 1906 was 642, 
representing 40 states and 15 foreign countries. Of this number 225 



8 Facilities — Admission — Attendance — Registration — Fees. . 

•were students during the previous winter ; 265 were persons engaged 
in teaching. Of these 27 were teachers in colleges, 15 in normal 
schools, 96 in high schools, 95 in grammar schools, 26 in private 
schools. Six school superintentents were also in attendance. 

APPLIANCES AND FACILITIES. 

All of the plant of the University, so far as it is needed, is available 
for use during the Summer Session, and students have all the ad- 
vantages which the large and well equipped laboratories and shops, 
the museums and collections of material, and the magnificent library 
afford. For all students whose study involves out-of-door work the 
opportunities offered by the country immediately around the Univer- 
sity can hardly be surpassed. Few students who have done field-work 
at Cornell have failed to be enthusiastic over the subject, or to ex- 
press the highest satisfaction at the way in which real work and en- 
joyment 0% nature are combined. 

ADMISSION— ATTENDANCE— REGISTRATION. 

There is no examination for admission to the Summer Session. 
Fach person must, however, satisfy the instructor in charge of any 
course (unless it be elementary) that he is qualified to pursue the 
work. Any duly registered student of the Summer Session may visit 
such classes as he desires. Admission to the class-rooms is restricted 
to duly registered students. Persons wishing to have work done dur- 
ing the Summer Session counted towards an advanced degree must 
conform to the regulation stated under the heading "Credit for 
Work," page 10. 

All students are required to register at the office of the Registrar, 
Morrill Hall, Thursday, July 4., 9 a. m.-jp. m.-; or upon the day of 
their arrival, if they reach Ithaca later than July 4. The office is 
open from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. every day except Saturday when it is 
closed at noon. 

TUITION FEE. 

The single tuition fee for the entire Summer Session, whether one 
course or more be taken, is $25. This must be paid at the office of 
the Treasurer, Room i, Morrill Hall, within five days after registra- 
tion day. In case of withdrawal, for reasons satisfactory to the Treas- 
urer and the Registrar, within five days from the first registration 
day, the tuition paid may be refunded and the charge cancelled. In 
case of withdrawal within two weeks of the first registration day, 
one-half the tuition paid may be refunded. In case of registration 



Academic Credit for Work. 9 

after the first three weeks of the session, students must pay two-thirds 
of the full tuition fee. No student is admitted without the payment 
of this fee. Sibley College students taking shopwork are not ex- 
empted. Admission to classes is restricted to duly registered students. 

LABORATORY FEES. 

Chemistry. A fee is charged for material actually consumed, and 
the student must make such deposit with the Treasurer as the instruc- 
tor may prescribe. 

Physics, Botany, Physiology. In each of these departments 
the fee is at the rate of f i for every five hours per week per term (or 
part thereof) of work iu the laboratory. The entire amount must be 
paid to the Treasurer at the beginning of the term. 

Physical Geography. For course B a fee of $1 must be paid in 
advance to the Treasurer to cover incidental expenses of the course. 

Shopwork. The fee for shopwork is at the rate of $1 for every 
fifty hours spent in the shops. This must be paid in advance to the 
Treasurer. Students registered in Sibley College during the previous 
year are not required to pay this fee. 

Vertebrate Zoology. See under Vertebrate Zoology, courses A 
and B, page 44. 

Photography. See under Physics, course 18, page 30. 

Library Deposit. See under Ivibrary, page 11. 

ACADEMIC CREDIT FOR WORK. 

In College of Arts and Sciences. The requirements for the de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts are residence for eight terms (four years), 
and the completion of 120 hours of elective work. A student who has 
satisfied the entrance requirements of the College, and has afterward 
completed in two or more summer sessions at least 12 hours of work 
in courses approved by the departments concerned, may be regarded 
as having thus satisfied one term of residence. Under no circum- 
stances shall work done in summer session be accepted as the equiva- 
lent of more than one term of residence, or be counted for more than 
twelve hours toward graduation. The maximum amount of credit 
which is allowed for the work of any one summer session is seven 
hours. 

In other Colleges of the TJniversity. The nature and amount 
of credit allowed in these for summer session work may be learned 
from the statements made in connection with the announcement of 
each course. 



lo Cost of Living. 

In Graduate Department. In order that work done by resident 
students in the Summer Session shall be credited towards an advanced 
degree, permission to this effect must be obtained from the faculty 
before the work is undertaken. Application for such permission must 
contain a detailed statement of the conditions under which such work 
is to be performed, and bear the approval of the professor in charge, 
as well as of the special committee. 

This application must be made through Dean T. F. Crane, as Chair- 
man of the Committee on Graduate Work. 

Certificates for "Work Done. Students of the Summer Session 
who are not matriculated in the University may receive certificates of 
attendance and of work satisfactorily performed. These certificates 
will bear the signature of the Registrar of the University, and also, if 
requested, that of the professor under whom the work has been done. 

Application for them must be made before August 14, and the ap- 
plicant must leave at the ofl&ce of the Registrar a large sized envelope, 
stamped and directed to his home address. The certificate will then 
be forwarded b}' mail. The regulations of each department for the 
granting of a certificate must be met in every case. 

The Department of Education of New York City will accept these 
certificates in place of examinations in certain subjects for teachers' 
licenses. 

COST OF LIVING. 

The cost of living in Ithaca during the Summer Session runs from 
$5.50 per week upwards. In some cases the cost has been reduced 
to $5, or even to $4.50, but it is not safe to count upon less than $5, 

The price of a single furnished room ma}' be as low as ^i per week. 
The prices advance with the size and location of the rooms. 

The price of table board runs from %\ and $4.50, in boarding houses, 
to ^7 and |ro at the hotels. I^iving at hotels costs from I10.50 up. 

The Universitj'^ has one residence hall, the Sage College, and this 
will as heretofore be opened through the summer session for women 
and for married men accompanied by their wives. As the great ma- 
jority of the persons living in these buildings during the session are 
attending the University for serious, earnest work, it is necessary that 
the rooms and halls should be quiet during the hours of rest. Per- 
sons unwilling to conform to reasonable regulations for securing this 
quiet are not wanted in the buildings. The price of rooms in Sage 
College is from $1.25 to $3.50 per week, according to location, and 
of table board $4.25. The capacity of the building is usually en- 
gaged in advance, and early application is therefore advisable. 

This should be made to the Manager, Mr. G. F. Foote, Sage Col- 
lege, Ithaca, N. Y. Every application for a room to be reserved must 



The Libraries — Barnes Hall. ii 

be accompanied by a deposit of $5, otherwise the application is not 
registered. The amount of this deposit is deducted from the rent if 
the room assigned be occupied by the applicant ; it is refunded if the 
applicant give formal notice to the manager on or before June 15th 
that it is desired to withdraw the application altogether. 

"Without special permission, no person will be allowed to 
room in Sage College or Sage Cottage during the Summer 
Session ujiless registered as a student in the Summer Session. 

The whole expense of attendance at the Summer Session, not in- 
cluding laboratory fees, may be estimated at $60 to $75. 

A selected list of lodging and boarding houses in the vicinity of the 
University, with their prices, will be published about April ist next, 
as a part of a handbook of general information to be issued by the 
Cornell Christian Association. Copies of this book will be furnished 
free upon application to the Secretary of the Association, Mr. A. Iv. 
Thayer, Barnes Hall, Ithaca, N. Y. 

THE LIBBABIES. 

The University Library Building is open on week days from 9 a. m. 
to 5 P. M. In this are housed the main library, containing about 
300,000 volumes, and most of the seminary and department libraries. 
The main reading room, of which a view is given after page 28, affords 
accommodations for over 200 readers, and contains a selected library 
of over 8,000 volumes of reference works. Adjacent to it is the peri- 
odical room in which are kept the current numbers of about 500 
journals in various fields of knowledge. The library has complete 
sets of most of these which form one of its most valuable features. 
These rooms are open to all students. Students properly qualified 
are allowed the use of the seminary rooms and of the books in them. 
The main collection is primarily a library of reference for use in the 
building. Students are, however, allowed to a limited extent to take 
out books for home use. Persons wishing this privilege must make 
a deposit of I5, which will be refunded upon the return of all books 
taken out. There are special libraries of Chemistry, in Morse Hall, 
and of Anatomy and Physiology, in Stimson Hall, which are open to 
students in these departments. 

BARNES HALL. 

This building stands in the center of the university grounds, and is 
the home of the Cornell Christian Association. It contains the 
offices of the association, several lecture rooms, and a library room 
with a choice collection of works on Biblical Literature. There is 
also a general reading room, supplied with papers and magazines, and 



12 Lectures — Recitals — Railroad Rates. 

a lounging room for men, and also for women. Students coming to the 
summer session may have their mail addressed to them here if desired. 
The building is open every day. 

The Christian Association will issue, about April ist, a small hand 
book of information for prospective students. This will be mailed 
upon application to the Secretary, Mr. A. ly. Thayer, Barnes Hall, 
Ithaca, N. Y. 

GENERAL LECTURES. MUSICAL RECITALS. 

There will be a series of lectures during the summer session on suc- 
cessive Monday evenings. These will be free to all persons. The 
general subject to be treated in 1907 will be Public Health as related 
to infectious diseases and to preventive medicine. Details will be 
given later. 

Musical recitals on the organ in The Sage Chapel will be given 
each Tuesday and Thursday evening during the session. 

RAILROAD ROUTES AND RATES. 

Ithaca is reached by either the Lehigh Valley or the lyackawanna 
railroad. By the latter a branch leaves the main line at Owego. 
Through trains run from New York and Buffalo on the L,ehigh, and 
through sleeping cars run daily from New York on both roads. From 
Philadelphia (Baltimore, Washington and the South via the Baltimore 
and Ohio) the Philadelphia & Reading connects with the Lehigh at 
Bethlehem. On the Lehigh through trains for Ithaca connect with 
the New York Central at Auburn and Canastota, and with the Penn- 
sylvania and Erie at Elmira. 

From points in Trunk Line Passenger Association territory, in 
New England and in Eastern Canada a special railroad rate of a fare 
and a third will be granted students of the Summer Session. This 
reduction can be obtained only by application for the proper certificate 
when buying ticket to Ithaca. For full information, and for direc- 
tions as to form of application, apply to the Registrar, Cornell 
University, or to railroad agent at home office. 

From remoter points Summer Excursions Tickets may be obtained. 
Students should enquire at their home offices when making their 
plans. Where a through rate can not be had, a ticket may be bought 
to a central point, and an excursion ticket from there, or in some 
cases an excursion rate to some place like Niagara Falls may be 
obtained, with a stop over privilege at Ithaca. 

The Clyde line S. S. Co. offers special rates to students and teachers 
between Charleston, S. C, and New York. 



COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 



EDUCATION. 

Courses A, B and C will be found especially helpful for college 
graduates who are preparing for examination in professional subjects 
as outlined in the New York State Syllabus and Course of Study for 
the renewal of the College Graduate Certificate Limited. The State 
Education Department will hold an official examination for such 
candidates at Ithaca, August 19 and 20. Since it is permissible to do 
so, those who can should prepare for examination in two subjects 
this summer and for the remaining two a 5'ear later. 

A. Principles of Education (including general method). Lect- 
ures, discussion and text-book study. Daily fex. S., 11. Goldwin 
Smith 242. Professor DeGarmo. 

This course is designed to be an introduction to the general theory 
of education, both in its individual and its social aspects. The fol 
lowing are some of the leading topics : personality and environment 
as the presuppositions of education ; the educative institutions of 
society ; relation of democracy to education ; individual development ; 
the school as a social institution ; the doctrines of interest and formal 
discipline ; the course of study ; nature and educational value of the 
several studies ; methods of class room teaching and management. 
The methods of thinking used in real life are studied as a guide to 
methods in the school room. Text-book: De Garmo's "Principles 
of Secondary Education." Reference books, Thorndike's "Princi- 
ples of Teaching"; Bagley's " The EducativeProcess " ; De Garmo's 
"Interest and Education". 

University credit, two hours. 

B. History of Education. Lectures, discussions, text-book and 
prescribed readings. Daily except Sat., 10. Goldwin Smith 242. 
Professor DeGarmo. 

The course makes a general survey of the history of education, and 
will follow in the main the topics and readings prescribed in the syl- 
labus of the New York State Education Department for the guidance 
of college graduates. Special emphasis is laid upon the following 
topics : the education of the Greek people ; the rise and development 
of humanism ; the rise and development of science and scientific 
methods in education ; the doctrines of educational reformers ; the 
development of modern systems of education. Monroe's "Text-book 
in the History of Education." 

University credit, two hours. 



14 Education. 

C. Educational Psychology. Lectures, discussions and read- 
ings. Daily except S., 8. Goldwin Smith 256. Assistant Professor 
Whippi^e. 

The lectures will present a system of functional psychology as 
applied to education, with particular reference to such topics as 
nervous plasticity, habit, attention and interest, instinctive response, 
association, apperception, memory, imagination, conceptual thinking, 
judgment and reasoning. Students are requested to purchase James' 
"Talks to .Teachers on Psychology" and Kirkpatrick's "Fundamen- 
tals of Child-Study," and, if possible, to read these books before 
beginning the course. 

University credit, two hours. 

D. Adolescence and Methods in High School Science. Lect. 
ures, discussions and readings. Daily ex. S., 9. Goldwin Smith 
2^6. Assistant Professor Whipple. 

This course is designed to be helpful to high school teachers, prin- 
cipals and superintendents and others who are interested in secondary 
education. 

The first portion of the course is a study of the physical and mental 
characteristics of the adolescent with their significance for secondary 
instruction, including such topics as physical growth, modifications 
in sensory life, the development of the sex instinct, sex hygiene in 
the school, religious conversion, social organizations, adolescent 
crimes and insanities, the problem of coeducation, etc. 

The second portion of the course treats of the attitude of the 
adolescent toward nature, and of the problems arising in the teaching 
of science in the high school. Attention is paid both to the history 
of the development of scientific method at large and to methods 
within the special sciences, particularly mathematics, physics, 
chemistry and biology. 

University credit, two hours. 

E. Special Method in Common School Branches. The selec- 
tion and sequence of subjects in Literature and Reading, Language, 
History, Geography, Elementary Science, Arithmetic and Manual 
Arts. Daily except Saturday, 8, or at such hour as may be found 
more convenient. Goldwin Sm.ith 242. Professor McMurry. 

1. Special problems in various studies : The place and value of 
Literature in early grades. The use of complete stories and poems as 
wholes in upper grades. 

2. Excursions in Geography and Nature Study. 

3. Type studies in Geography, History and Elementary Science. 

4. The essential elements of Manual Training. 



Psychology. 15 

5. A simplified course in Arithmetic. Illustrative lessons in various 
studies. Criticism and discussion of lessons presented. Application 
of general principles to class work. 

University credit, two hours. 

F. The Course of Study in the Elementary School. Brief his. 
tory of the Common School in the United States. Daily except 
Saturday, 9 Goldwin Smith 242. Professor McMurry. 

Forces which have shaped our present Course of Study. The 
present aims of the Common School and the relative worth of studies 
for accomplishing them. The over-crowding of the Course of Study. 

The basis for selecting materials in the different studies. The 
simplification and organization of the Course of Study. 

Useful eliminations and economies in the present course. The 
helpful relation of studies to one another in the general plan. 

The value of a detailed course of study to teachers. A carefully 
graded course : Advantages and defects. Relation of the Course of 
Study to text books, reference books and libraries. 

State Courses of Study. Courses for ungraded schools. The adapta- 
tion of a course of study to local needs. Teachers need to survey the 
course of study as a whole. 

University credit, two hours. 

G. Theory and Practice of Manual Training. There are sev- 
eral courses in this branch of education. For full description, see 
pages 46-50. See also under English, Latin, German, Greek, Mathe- 
matics, Biology, Drawing, Physiology, Geography, for courses dealing 
with the problems of teaching these branches, 

PSYCHOLOGY. 

A. General Psychology: Lectures and Exercises. M., W., 
F., 9. Text-book : Titchener's Primer of Psychology. Professor 
TiTCHENER. Goldwin Smith A. Three or five hours. 

This course is intended to serve as a general introduction to the 
study of psychology from the experimental point of view. After a 
consideration of the subject-matter, method and problem of psy- 
chology, mental states and processes are discussed in detail, in the 
order of increasing complexity. The first part of the course treats of 
sensation, affection and attention ; the second part, of perception and 
idea, association, emotion, and the simpler forms of action ; the third 
part, of memory and imagination, thought and self-consciousness, 
sentiment, and the complex forms of action. Wherever it is possible, 
the lectures are illustrated by experimental demonstrations. Two 
<:oncluding lectures deal with the psychology of the abnormal, and 
-with the province and relations of psychology as a whole. 



1 6 Philosophy and Logic. 

If only the lectures and examinations are taken, this course counts 
as three hours, University credit, one hour : if the prescribed exercises 
are done, it counts as five hours, University credit, two hours. 

B. General Psychology; Laboratory Practice. M., W., F., 
■2:30-5, with prescribed work on literature and record books. Text- 
hook : T'\ich.&n&r^s Experifnental Psychology y Qualitative. Assistant 
Professor Be;nti,EY, Mr. GeiSSI^ER and Mr. FerrEE. White Hall. 

In this course, the student repeats for himself, under experimental 
conditions, certain of the classical observations of human psychology. 
A wide range of selection is offered as regards individual experiments ; 
but the work will be restricted, for the most part, to experiments upon 
sensation and perception, affective process, attention and impulsive 
action. The course counts as five hours. University credit, two hours. 

C. Abnormal and Animal Psychology. M.,W., F.,8. Assist- 
ant Professor BenTlEy. White Hall. 

The first part of the course will cover the typical forms of mental 
abnormality. The lectures will define and illustrate the terms ' ab- 
normality,' 'derangement,' 'mental disease' and 'alienation,' and 
will discuss, in order, (i) minor mental derangements (illusions, 
hallucinations, dreams and hypnosis) ; (2) the more serious and 
permanent disorders (including hysteria, »epilepsy, and the various 
insanities), and (3) deficient and exceptional minds (congenital blind- 
ness and deafness, color blindness, aphasia, general arrested develop- 
ment, the phenomenal chessplayer and calculator, the genius, the 
habitual criminal and the ' degenerate '). The last part of the course 
will include lectures on the psychology of selected animal forms 
(^.^., unicellular organisms, the ant, the frog, the sparrow, the cat 
and the monkey). Besides an analysis of the animal consciousness, 
the course will include a discussion of the origin and development of 
mind in the race at large. 

The lectures (three a week) will be supplemented by collateral 
reading, abstracts, and occasional essays by the student. This course 
maybe taken along with Course A, and counts as five hours, Uni- 
versity credit, two hours. 

D. Advanced Psychology. Essays and prescribed reeding; 
quantitative laboratory work ; laboratory problems. Hours to be 
arranged. Professor TiTCHENER, Assistant Professor BenTi,ey, Mr. 
GeiSSI^ER and Mr. FerrEE. 

PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC. 

A. The History of Philosophy in the Eighteenth and Nine- 
teenth Centuries. Daily ex. S., 12. Goldwin Smith 125 . Professor 
CreiGhTON. 



English. 17 

In this course it is proposed to deal topically rather than biograph- 
ically with the development of philosophical ideas during the last two 
centuries. The principles and conceptions underlying the rationalistic 
thought of the i8th century will be analyzed and explained, and their 
practical consequences traced in the resulting theories of knowledge 
and of morality, and in the fields of politics and literature* The 
growth and development of modern historical and evolutionary modes 
of thought will then occupy attention, and the course will conclude 
with an outline of the standpoint and attitude • of philosophy at the 
present day. University credit, two hours. 

B. XiOgic. Daily ex. S., 8 (or at an hour to be arranged). Gold- 
win Smith, 225. Professor CreighTON. 

So far as time permits this class will cover the same ground as the 
elementary course in logic that is given during the regular session of 
the University. It will include the more essential and practical parts 
of Deductive Logic, the logic of the Inductive Methods, and an out- 
line of the modern theories of the nature of Judgment and the 
Evolution of Thought. 

University credit two hours. 

ENGLISH. 

A. Rhetoric. Lectures and Recitations. Daily ex. S , 8. Goldwin 
Smith, 124. Mr. MiTCHii,l. 

This course will aim to cover the field of rhetoric in a practical 
way, considering the written and spoken language from various points 
of view and in its various elements (words, sentences, paragraphs, 
wholes). Emphasis will be laid upon violations of good usage as 
exemplified in the more common blunders made in speech and in 
writing. In this connection there will be a brief review of those 
phases of English grammar of which an intimate knowledge is essen- 
tial for ready guidance to good usage. To a limited extent students 
will investigate differences in usage as exemplified in various English 
dictionaries. 

This course will be of especial value to foreigners, to teachers of all 
grades of school work, and to others wishing to improve their 
knowledge of the English language. 

University credit, two hours. 

The principal texts to be used in recitation or for reference will be : 
Brooks and Hubbard's Composition-Rhetoric, Carpenter's Rhetoric 
And English Composition, Hill's Beginnings of Rhetoric and Com,- 
position, Mitchill and Carpenter's Exposition in Class-room Practice, 



1 8 English. 

Scott and Denney's Paragraph Writing, Stebbins's A Progressive 
Course in English. 

B. Composition. Lectures and Daily Themes, Daily ex. S., 9. 
Goldwin Smith 124. Mr. MiTCHii,!,. 

This course will aim to develop practical ability in various types of 
composition. After preliminary presentation of selections illustrative 
of a given type of writing and discussion of the characteristics of that 
type, there will be assigned to students a specific problem of like 
sort to be worked out as a theme. Special emphasis will be laid on 
the most common phases of narration, description, and exposition. 
If time permits, some work will be done in argumentation. In order 
to make the course as effective as possible, the instructor or his as- 
sistants will hold a personal conference with each student once in 
each week. It is advisable that all except those exceptionally well 
equipped in English take in conjunction with this course English A. 

This course will be of value to all who wish to improve their power 
of expression in language. 

University credit, two hours. 

The principal texts to be used for reference will be ; Brooks and 
Hubbard's Composition-Rhetoric, Lamont's English Composition, 
Mitchill and Carpenter's Exposition in Class-room Practice. 

C. The Study of Literature. Lectures, Discussions and Read- 
ings. Daily except Saturday, 10 Goldwin Smith 164. (Readings, 
Friday, 10.) Assistant Professor Coope;r. 

A course designed more particularly for teachers of English ; but 
in general for such as are interested in modern languages and liter- 
atures. The lectures will deal with topics like the following : 

General scope and purpose of the study of literature : Interpretation 
and Criticism. The problem of teaching literature in the United 
States : difficulties, means and end. Private reading and study for 
teachers. A nucleus of books for the library of a teacher of English. 
English literature and the Bible. English literature and the Greek 
and Latin classics. The College Entrance Requirements. The proper 
emphasis on the study of poetry. Epic poetry as adapted to the 
needs of the schools. 

Rules for obtaining University credit, two hours, announced at first 
lecture. 

The Discussions will be based on outside reading of Cook's Higher 
Study of English, and a number of briefer articles in magazines, etc. 

The Reading will be chosen in part from well-known epic poems, 
so far as these are accessible in English. 

D. Earlier Poems of Coleridge. The Rime of the Ancient 



English. 19 

Mariner. I^ectures, Discussions, and Readings. Daily except Satur- 
day, 12. Goldwin Smith 164, (Readings, Friday, 12). Assistant 
Professor Cooper. 

A typical study of one of the poems in the College Entrance Re- 
quirements ; with the aim of showing, not how a piece of literature 
should be taught in the schools, but how the teacher should know 
such a piece of literature himself. Probably the best version of the 
Ancient Mariner for use in the classroom is in Syke's Select Poems 
of Wordsworth and Coleridge. 

The Discussions will be based upon a limited amount of outside 
investigation. 

Rules for obtaining University credit, two hours, announced at first 
lecture. 

The Readings will include selections from Lyrical Ballads. 

E. The Teaching of English in Secondary Schools. I,ectures, 
Discussions, Reports, and Illustrative Teaching. Daily except Sat., 
II. Goldwin Smith 124. Mr. Stebbins. 

This course is intended for teachers who desire to work out more in 
detail the provisions of the New York State syllabus, for persons who 
wish to equip themselves for teaching English in secondary schools, 
and for those who desire to prepare themselves for teaching more ad- 
vanced classes. 

The general purpose of the course will be to consider the actual 
problems that the teacher is called upon to solve in the class-room 
and to study methods of teaching. Practical methods of teaching 
language, composition, English classics, and literary history will be 
taken up in detail. 

Language will be considered with respect to both oral and written 
discourse, special attention being directed to bad English and to the 
acquiring of a vocabulary. 

In composition the plan will be to study the best means of ob- 
taining practical results with the various types of theme writing. 
Stress will be laid upon the sentence, the paragraph, letter writing, 
the simple narrative, the various forms of description, mechanical 
exposition, the character sketch, formal argumentation, and the ex- 
amination question and answer. 

In the literature work, certain representative classics, such as The 
Vision of Sir Launfal, Irving's Sketch Book, Silas Marner, Macbeth, 
'M.ilton's Minor Poems, and Burke's Speech on Conciliation, will be 
treated as types, the aim being to show what can be accomplished 
with a certain book during a particular term of the high school course. 
Other books may be considered if time permits. 



20 French. 

A few lectures will be devoted to problems presented by the new 
state syllabus in connection with the requirements in literary history. 

Much attention will be given to the task of combining the many 
elements of English work into a harmonious and practical course of 
study. 

Those intending to take this course are requested to bring to the 
Summer Session copies of the texts named above. By familiarizing 
themselves with the required texts of the New York State syllabus, 
students will be enabled to derive especial benefit from the course. 
It is advisable that all students who are not well acquainted with the 
required literature or with the principles of rhetoric and composition 
should take the courses dealing with these subjects. 

The principal books to which reference will be made in this course. 
are: — Brooks and Hubbard's Composition — Rhetoric; Lamont's 
English Composition ; Mitchill and Carpenter's Exposition in Class- 
room, Practice ; Scott and Denney's Paragraph Writing ; Stebbins's 
A Progressive Course in English for Secondary Schools, first year 
book and second year book ; Pancoast's Introduction to English 
Literature. 

FRENCH. 

A. Grammar and Beading for beginners. The grammar used 
will be Fraser and Squair's Abridged French Gram,niar. The object 
of the course is to give to those who have had no French the oppor- 
tunity of learning the essentials of grammar and reading, which 
require as a rule, a whole year's study. To accomplish this end very 
intensive work must be done. Two recitations a day will be held, 
with sufl&cient time between the two for the preparation of the second 
lesson, and the student is expected to devote his entire time to the 
subject. Daily, 9 and 2. Goldwin Sm^ith, 28J. Assistant Professor 
OivMSXED. University credit, six hours. 

B. The Rapid Reading of the Advanced Requirements for 
admission in French : 

Pailleron's L'Ettncelle, Merim^e's Colotnba (Cameron), Kuhn's 
Selections from the Poetry and Comedies of Alfred\de Mussel, Bouvet's 
French Composition. In addition to the reading required, the gram- 
mar will be reviewed and composition work carried on all through 
the course. The purpose of this course is to enable those who have 
had the elementary requirement for admission to make up by extra 
work the advanced requirement. Two recitations a day will be held, 
with sufficient time between the two to enable the student to prepare 
for the second recitation. Students taking the course are expected 



German. 21 

to devote their entire time to the work. Daily, 8 and 12, Goldwin 
Smith, 2JJ. Assistant Professor GUERI/AC. University credit, six 
hours. 

C. Lectures in French. The French dramatists of the nineteenth 
and twentieth centuries. 

This course is intended for students who have already some practice 
in understanding spoken French and are willing to do some reading 
on the French theatre. T., Th., 11, Goldwin Smith 277. Assistant 
Professor GuERLAC. University credit, one hour. 

GERMAN. 

A. Elementary Geman Grammar and Translation. The 

text-books in this course will be Bierwirth's Beginning German and 
Hewett's Germ.an Reader. The obj ect of this course is to aflford an 
opportunity for those who have had no German, to master the essen- 
tials of the grammar and translation during the period of the Summer 
Session. An opportunity will thus be presented for those whose prep- 
aration in German is inadequate, to do the entire work in elementary 
German (German i), required for admission. Two recitations a day 
will be held with ample time between the two for the preparation of 
the second lesson. The student is expected to devote his entire time 
to this subject. Daily, 8 and 12, Goldwin Smith 190. Dr. ThayER. 

University credit, six hours. 

Dr. Thayer will be in attendance in Room i^S, T., Th., at 9, to 
afford special assistance to students who desire it. 

B. The Rapid Reading with comment of the Advanced Re- 
quirements for Admission in German : Freytag's Journalisten, 
Schiller's IVilhelm Tell, Goethe's Hermann and Dorothea. The 
purpose of this course is to enable students who are deficient in the 
advanced requirements for admission to make up by extra work the 
entire amount required in this course. Two recitations a day will be 
held, with a sufficient interval to enable the student to prepare for the 
second recitation. Students electing this course are expected to de- 
vote their entire time to this subject. Daily, 8 and 12, Goldwin 
Smith 183. Assistant Professor Pope. 

Dr. Pope will be in attendance in Room 188, T., Th., at 9, to 
afford special assistance to such students as desire it. 

C. The Evolution of the German Novel. This course will treat 
the German novel of the 19th century and^will emphasize those 
phases of intellectual and cultural life of Germany which, since 
Goethe, have influenced the evolution of the modern novel. The 



22 Greek — Latin. 

work will include lectures in German, preparation and discussion of 
papers by the members of the class. 

Daily, except Sat., 9. Goldwin Smith 17 j. Dr. Paui,S. University 
credit, two hours, with collateral reading, 3 hours. 

D. Advanced Composition and Conversation. 

This course aims to familiarize the students with the use of the 
written and spoken language. Papers will be read and discussed, and 
oral practice will be given based upon Paszkowski's " Lesebuch zur 
Einfiihrung in die Kenntnis Deutschlands und seines geistigen 
Lebens." (2d edition, Berlin, 1905, ) Daily except Sat. , 10, (J(?/rfzc/x« 
Smith 177. Dr. PAUiyS. Credit, 2 hours. 

Dr. Pauls will be in attendance in Room 178, Goldwin Smith Hall, 
M., Th,, at II, to afford special assistance to students who desire it. 

GBEEE. 

A. Course for Teachers. The following topics are treated in 
lectures and practical exercises : 

a. The elements of phonetics, and the analysis of sounds in Greek 
and in English. Theory and practice in the pronunciation of Greek. 
The relation of Greek to Latin and to English. The knowledge of 
linguistics essential for a teacher. Anatomical preparations are used 
to study the physiology of speech. 

b. The teaching of Homer. Special consideration will be given to 
these points : The language, the metre, the principles of interpreta- 
tion, the aim and method of translating, the English translations from 
Chapman to the present. The most helpful editions of the Iliad and 
other auxiliary works will be examined, with special attention to 
recent school editions. Selected portions of books I-VI„irwill be 
studied. 

Daily except Sat. 8. Goldwin Smith 13J. Professor Bristoi,. 

LATIN. 

The summer session courses in Latin are intended primarily for 
actual or prospective teachers of Latin. Their object is two-fold : 

1. By means of a course in Latin Grammar and one in Latin 
Composition, to give a clear and adequate knowledge of the essential 
facts of that period of the Latin language which is represented by 
such writers as Cicero and Caesar. 

2. By a series of lectures on Latin literature accompanied by trans- 
lations of selected masterpieces of that literature. To encourage on 
the part of teachers of Latin whose reading has not been extensive, 
the definite planning of courses of private study and home reading. 



Latin, 23 

In this way the teacher of Latin will be better prepared for the 
technical work of the class-room, and will also gain a real enthusiasm 
and inspiration for solid individual development beyond the regular 
routine of such authors as Cicero, Caesar, and Virgil which are 
regularly read with classes year after year. 

Any communication or inquiry concerning the work in Latin dur- 
ing the sum,m,er session will be welcomed and promptly answered by 
Professor Durham. Address, 7 South Ave., Ithaca. 

A. The Essentials of Latin Grammar. lyectures on the lan- 
guage of Cicero and Caesar, with discussions as to how accurately their 
usage is recorded by our current I^atin grammars ; the foundation and 
justification of our grammatical categories ; what is the essential truth 
in the conflicting statements of our Amei ican grammars ; what forms, 
syntax, and composition should be taught in preparatory work ; 
methods of pronunciation ; hidden quantity ; the reading of L,atin 
verse ; difficulties and problems which confront the high school 
teacher of Latin. Daily except Saturday, 10, Goldwin Smith 128. 
Assistant Professor Durham. 

University credit, two hours. 

B. Latin Composition. A systematic drill in connection with 
the lectures on syntax in Course A. Sentences from dictation illus- 
trating the most important classical constructions, especially the cum, 
qui, antequam and priusquam, and dum clauses, substantive clauses, 
indirect discourse, and the subjunctive mood. Daily except Saturday, 
II, Goldwin Sm,ith 128. Assistant Professor Durham. 

University credit, two hours. 

C. Latin Literature, i. Roman Comedy ; Plautus and Terence. 
The Phorm,io of Terence. 2. Lucretius. 3. Catullus. 4. Cicero. 
The de Senectute. 5. Ovid. Metamorphoses, Fasti, Epistulae, 
Tristia. 6. "Virgil. The Georgics. 7. Horace, Odes and Satires ; 
the Art of Poetry. 8. Tibullus and Propertius. 9. Martial. 10. 
Tacitus. The Germania. M., W., F., 12 M., Goldwin Smith 128. 
Assistant Professor Durham. 

University credit, one hour. 

Supplementary Lectures (one each week). 

I. Pompeii and its inscriptional remains. ^. The Roman Forum in 
the time of Cicero. 3. The quantitative reading of Latin poetry. 4. 
The Roman provincial system. 5. The historical setting and the 
legal aspects of Cicero's orations against Catiline. 6. The Latin 
language, its development, extension, and descendants. 



24 Spanish — History. 

SPANISH. 

A. Grammar and Beading for beginners. The grammar used will 
"be Giese's Spanish Grammar and Reader in connection with Mari6n 
y des Garennes's Introduccidn d la Lengua Castellana. The object of 
this course is to afford an opportunity to those who have had no 
Spanish, to acquire the essentials of the grammar, to translate easy- 
Spanish readily and to read Spanish as Spanish understandingly. 
The ground covered is that to which a whole year is ordinarily given. 
To do this work in six weeks, determined application is necessary. 
Two recitations a day will be held with sufficient time between the 
two for the preparation of the second lesson. The student is expected 
to devote his entire time to this subject. Daily 8 and 12, Goldwin 
Smith, 2go. Mr. Gordon. University credit, six hours. 

HISTORY. 

A. The American Revolution — from 1760 to 1787. Attention 
will first be given to the fundamental causes of the Revolution. The 
nature of the problem which Kugland met after the treaty of Paris 
will be studied and the reasons why England failed in the solution. 
The organization of the revolutionary forces in America, the nature 
of the opposition, and the character of the Revolution as a civil war 
will be emphasized. The democratic nature of the Revolution will be 
shown by a study of the state constitutions of the period, and the re- 
lations between Congress and the states will be given special atten- 
tion. English politics and French aid will be considered and the 
results of the American success. The study of the period will be 
closed with a general view of the troubles in the Confederation 
period and of the Federal Convention. Daily, except Saturday, 9, 
Goldwin Smith 234. Professor Van TynK. 

B. The Expansion of England in America — from 1607 to 
1760. This course will begin with a study of the nature and spheres 
of influence of the English Trading Companies and the struggle 
with Spain for supremacy on the sea. The economic and social con- 
ditions in England prior to the migration to America will be con- 
sidered, and the religious persecutions as a factor in inducing migra- 
tion. ; Special attention will be given the development of the 
English colonial policy, and the general relations of colony with 
mother country. Another purpose will be to note the transmission 
of culture from England to the colonies. Daily, except Saturday, 11 ^ 
Goldwin Smith 234. Professor Van Tyne. 

C. From the Crusades to the Reformation. A study of the 
beginnings of modern life and thought, with especial attention to the 



Economics and Political Science. 25 

rise of intellectual and religious liberty. The course will deal with 
the results of the Crusades ; the rise of the cities, and the develop- 
ment of commerce, of industry, and of culture ; the creation of the 
universities ; the birth of the modern states and the growth of abso- 
lute monarchy ; the revival of letters, of art, and of science ; the ad- 
vent of fire-arms and of printing ; the age of discovery ; the revolu- 
tion in religion and in society ; the beginnings of tolerance and of 
freedom of thought. Daily, except Saturday, 10, Goldwin Smith, 
245. Professor Burr. 

D. Historical Method. A practice- course preparatory to the 
teaching of history and to historical research. The course will discuss 
the nature, the scope, and the aims of history ; the methods and re- 
sources of the historical teacher ; the processes of historical investi- 
gation, criticism, and interpretation ; the literature of history as a 
science and as an art. The class will be a co-operative one, and all 
its members may expect to be set definite tasks. Daily, except Sat- 
urday, 12, European History Seminary Room,. Professor Burr. 

E. Paleography and Diplomatics. Prof essor . Burr will be 
glad to give instruction, should any desire it, in the reading of his- 
torical manuscripts and the interpretation of historical documents.. 
Place and hours to be arranged to meet the convenience of such a 
class. 

ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. 

A. The Principles of Economics. In this course those principles 
of economics will be taken up for study and discussion that are of 
special importance at the present time either because of their practical 
bearing on American affairs or because of the part they play in con- 
temporary economic theories. The treatment will be mainly topical, 
and as far as possible will be adapted to the preparation and special 
needs of the students taking the course. The work will consist of 
assigned readings, lectures, and discussions ; and students are advised 
to accompany the class-room exercises with collateral reading in some 
brief text-book, such as Seager's "Introduction to Economics" 
Fetter's " Principles of Economics ", or Gide's "Principles of Political 
Economy " (2nd American Edition). The aim of this course is not 
only to give facts, but also to consider methods of teaching, and 
especially the best methods of preparing pupils for the observation 
and unbiassed study of economic problems. M., T., W., 10, Goldwin 
Smith, 264, and one two-hour session each week for special discus- 
sion, led by students. The time for this session will be arranged with 
the class. Professor Pagk. 



26 Mathematics. 

B. The Economic Aspects of American History. This 
course attempts to show how American experience illustrates eco- 
nomic principles, and how American political and social development 
has been influenced by economic conditions. Among the topics 
treated will be the economic foundations of colonial life, the material 
reasons of the demand for national independence, the influence in 
shaping political and social institutions exerted by industrial growth, 
immigration, westward expansion, etc. The method of study will be 
mainly historical, and the work will consist of assigned readings, 
lectures, and discussions. M., T., W., ii, Goldwin Smith, 264, 
and one two-hour session each week for special discussion, led by 
students. The time for this session will be arranged with the class. 
Professor PAGE. 

C. The Principles of Government, This course is designed 
primarily for teachers of Civil Government. For those who wish to 
pass examinations, readings will be assigned covering the main facts 
in Civil Government as indicated in the Regents' Syllabus. In the 
class-room, ho^yever, the emphasis will be laid upon the more funda- 
mental principles of Politics and their application in the govern- 
ments of certain typical modern states. The course will be con- 
ducted by the seminary method. M., T., W., 2. Goldwin Smith, 
269, and one two-hour session each week for special discussion led by 
students ; the time for the two-hour session to be arranged to suit 
the convenience of the class. Assistant Professor KemmerER. 

D. Practical Economic Problems. This course will be devoted 
to the study of certain economic problems which are at present agi- 
tating the public mind. The subjects chosen for study this year will 
be the trust problem and the labor problem. The subjects will be 
treated topically, and an attempt will be made to familiarize the 
student with the more important literature relating to these problems. 
M., T., W., 3. Goldwin Smith, 269, and one session of two hours to 
be arranged at some time convenient to the class. Assistant Profes- 
sor KEMMERER. 

MATHEMATICS. 

Courses A, B, and C are equivalent, respectively, to the advanced 
entrance requirements of Cornell University — also to those of the 
College Entrance Board. They presuppose a ready knowledge of 
Elementary Algebra (through quadratics), and of Plane Geometry. 
The work will consist largely of recitations from text-books. 

University credit : 3 hours for each course, 

A, Advanced Algebra. Daily ex, S., 11, White 11. Professor 
Tanner. 



Physics and Photography. 27 

B. Solid Geometry. Daily ex. S,, 9, White 2. Assistant Pro- 
fessor FiTE. 

C. Trigonometry. Daily ex. S., 8, White 4. Assistant Professor 
Hutchinson. 

Courses D, E, and F are equivalent, respectively, to (a), (b) and 
(c) of Course 2 in Mathematics, regularly given during the academic 
year. Course D presupposes A, B, and C ; B presupposes D ; and F 
presupposes E. The work will consist largely of recitations from 
text-books. 

University credit : 3 hours for each course. 

D. Analytic Geometry. Daily ex. S., 10, White 4. Dr. Carver. 

E. Differential Calculus. Daily ex. S., 9, White //. Assistant 
Professor Snyder. Daily ex. S., ii. White 4. Dr. Carver. 

F. Integral Calculus. Daily ex. S., 8, White 2. Assistant Pro- 
fessor FiTE. Daily ex. S., 9, White 4. Assistant Professor Hutch- 
inson. 

G. Elementary Algebra. Teachers' Course. This course in- 
cludes an historical and critical study of the subject-matter of Ele- 
mentary Algebra. Proper attention will be paid to the pedagogy of 
the subject also, and to the correlation of Algebra with allied subjects. 

The course is open to teachers of mathematics only, and does not 
meet college entrance requirements. It will consist chiefly of lect- 
ures, although discussions and reports will form an important part of 
the work. Daily ex. S., 10, Whiten. Professor Tanner. 

University credit for this course is 2 hours. 

H. Projective Geometry. In this course the principles under- 
lying projective forms and constructions of the first and second 
degrees will be carefully developed. Particular attention will be paid 
to the application of these principles to elementary geometry, so as to 
make the work helpful to teachers of this subject. No knowledge of 
mathematics beyond plane geometry will be presupposed. Daily ex. 
S. , 8, White 17. Assistant Professor Snyder. 

University credit for this course is 2 hours. 

PHYSICS AND PHOTOGRAPHY. 

All courses are given in Rockefeller Hall. 

Most of the courses announced below are given during the year as 
regular University work. Both recitation and laboratory work will 
be adapted as far as possible to meet the individual needs of teachers 
who wish to review special portions of the subject or who are unable 
to take complete courses. 



28 Physics and Photography. 

Courses recommended for teachers are i, 5, 6 and 10, and those hav- 
ing the requisite preparation to pursue more advanced work with ad- 
vantage may take Courses 14, 25 or 25a. 

Regular University students may receive credit on any of the 
courses corresponding to the work of the regular year and require- 
ments for entrance to any of these courses for such students will be the 
same as during the regular school year. {See end of each course 
announced for amount of possible credit. ) 

Course 18 in Practical Photography may be taken by anyone regis- 
tered in the sum.mer school, but if University credit is desired a, 
knowledge of Physics and Chemistry, such as may be expected of 
students who have completed Course i in each subject, will be required. 

I. Lectures in General Physics. The aim of this course is 
to show the experimental basis of physical science. The work covers 
one-half of that given during the regular year and no previous knowl- 
edge of Physics is required. For those who possess a general knowl- 
edge of the subject, and for teachers, the course will afford a review 
useful for laboratory and advanced work and giving suggestions as to 
means of illustration of essential phenomena of Physics which may 
be applicable where the equipment is much less extensive.. The topics 
for 1907 will be Heat, Light and Electric Current, Daily except Sat- 
urday at 12. Lecture Room A. Assistant Professor Sh^arkr. 

University credit for this course is 2 hours. 

la. Consultations with teachers and students. Consultation regard- 
ing subject matter of physics, equipment of laboratories or other 
matters of interest to physics teachers or students. By appointment, 
Tues. and Thurs., 9-10. Assistant Professor Shearer. 

5. Recitations in connection with Lecture Course 1. The 
course combines supervision of lecture note books and explanation of 
points not fully covered in the lectures. Suitable exercises and prob- 
lems with references to text books will be given in connection with 
this course. Daily except Saturday at 8. Room 106. Mr. Gage. 

University credit i hour. 

6. Recitations for those who have completed Course 1 or 
Courses 1 and 5 or their equivalents. This course is intended to 
develop the theory of the subject and to give a fairly rigid drill in its 
application. Considerable attention will be given to graphic methods 
and to problems. Watson's Text Book of Physics will be used. The 
first half of the work of the regular year will be covered in 1906. 

Daily except Saturday at 8. Room 106. Mr. Gage. University 
credit 2 hours. 



Physics and Photography. 29 

8. Becitations in General Physics. This course is intended 
for those students who have had the requisite elementary training in 
general physics and who wish to pursue the subject more in detail 
with a view to going into more advanced work in Physics or into 
■engineering. The work in recitations is to be accompanied by work 
in the laboratory in course 14. Courses i and 5, or i and 10, lead up 
to the course. Rooms 105 and 108. Assistant Professor BIvAKEJr and 
Messrs. Gae;hr and Dorsey. 

10. Physical Laboratory. This course is one primarily designed 
for teachers of elementary physics and those students who desire 
to study more thoroughly elementary physical principles in the 
various branches. In general the simpler forms of apparatus are used 
but of such a grade as to adapt them to the needs of careful investi- 
gators. In general the apparatus is not set up, in order that the 
student may get the practice not only of making observations but 
also of making things go. The apparatus available afifords study in 
units and their relations, statics, kinetics, molecular physics, light, 
sound, electricity and magnetism. For the work in the summer ses- 
sion courses may be arranged at the beginning of the term for each 
individual student covering as many or as few of the general divisions 
of the subject as seems desirable. These courses may be varied to 
meet the needs of the students as the work progresses, as in all cases 
individual instruction is given, and it is not necessary for any two 
students to follow the same outline. The idea is to make the work 
as flexible as possible, giving each student work in his chosen line. 

Occasional discussions of general interest may be held covering 
such subjects as methods of making observations and of using them 
to the best advantage, accuracy of results, computations, errors, the 
interpretation of data by means of curves, the theory of particular 
experiments and such other topics as may come up from time to time. 

University students having the requisite requirements for admission 
to course 10 in Physics as given in the register for the year 1906-7 
may elect this course, following the schedule prescribed for regular 
work during the academic year. 

One to five three-hour periods per week throughout the session. 
Daily ex. S., 9-12. Assistant Professor Bi,a,kER and Mr. DoRSEY. 

14. Physical Experiments. Theory and method of Physical 
Measurements The course presupposes a thorough course in ele- 
mentary physics, both in text and laboratory. It consists in the 
setting up and adjustment of apparatus and the performing of funda- 
mental experiments ; a study of limitations, errors, and methods of 
computation ; and interpretation of results, both analytically and 
graphically. 



30 Physics and Photography. 

The apparatus available makes it possible to make accurate measure- 
ments in the different branches of general physics. A few of the sub- 
divisions that may be covered are in friction, work, power, efficiency, 
uniformly accelerated linear and angular motions, moments of inertia, 
coefl&cients of expansion of solids, liquids, and gases, vapor tension 
and vapor density, the usual determinations in heat ; the study of 
thermometers, their accurate calibration and comparison, a thorough 
study of the analytical balance, including a determination of its 
errors and limitations. In sound, studies may be made in resonance 
and interference. The work in light comprises a study of lenses, the 
grating, the adjustment and use of the spectrometer, photometry of 
various light sources. The equipment in electrical and magnetic 
apparatus is such as to afford special facilities for the determination 
of electrical and magnetic constants and work in electrical measure- 
ments such as the measurement of current, electromotive force, 
resistance, self and mutual induction, capacity, study of the magnetic 
properties of iron and the use of standard instruments of theoretical 
and practical nature. 

The work being individual, courses may be planned to suit the 
needs of the student which may cover as many or as few topics as 
seem desirable. Reports on the work done are to be submitted cover- 
ing theory and results. These reports form the basis of criticism of 
the work done. 

In connection with the laboratory there is a reading and computing 
room in which may be found many works of reference which will be 
found very useful in working up the subjects studied. 

The regular University credit that it is possible to receive in this 
course during the summer session varies from one to four hours. 

One to five three-hour periods per week during the summer session. 
Daily ex. S., 9-12. Assistant Professor Bi^aker and Mr. Gaehr. 

18. Practical Photography. Lectures and Laboratory work. 
The lectures in this course will be fully illustrated and demonstrations 
of all the fundamental processes will be included. The laboratory 
will be open daily (except Saturday) from 2 to 5 with the exception 
of Tuesday and Thursday 4-5, which is reserved for lectures. Students 
have the privilege of taking Department cameras for outdoor work 
forenoons and Saturdays, when the laboratory is closed. Instruction 
and practice will be given in exposing, developing , printing and 
mounting . Also in enlarging from negatives or pictures, copying 
and photo-micrography. Special attention will be given to m.aking 
lantern slides /rotn negatives and. picttires and to the adjustment and 
use of the projection lantern. The department equipment for this 



Physics and Photography. 31 

work consists in part as follows : — Hand and view cameras, 4x5 and 
5 X 8, a fine Reflecting camera with Unar lens for very short ex- 
posures of moving objects, an enlarging camera, with 35x8 Planar 
lens, and a Photo- microphotographic camera for enlarging from 
microscope slides. For exposure in dark weather Cooper Hewitt 
Mercury Vapor Lamps are used. Many other pieces of apparatus 
show the application of photography in various phases of scientific 
work. 

The natural beauty of the campus and the surrounding lake, hills 
and ravines, aflFord ample scope for outdoor work. The opening of 
the photographic laboratory to summer students offers a fine oppor- 
tunity to receive instruction in a useful and delightful subject and at 
the same time to secure views making valuable reminders of their 
visit. 

Students furnish their own plates, paper and developer and may 
use either their own cameras or those belonging to the Department as 
they choose. The laboratory fee which covers incidental expenses of 
the department is fo.oo. At least eight hours of laboratory work per 
week is required for University credit. Daily except Saturday 2 to 5. 
Lectures, Tuesday and Thursday at 4, Photographic Laboratory. 
Assistant Professor Moi,ER. 

25. Advanced Laboratory Practice. This course in general 
physics is open to those students who have had Course 14 or its equiva- 
lent and are desirous of taking up special subjects for a detailed 
study, putting much more time on a single problem than is advisable in 
Course 14. One of the features of this course is the performing of 
classical experiments and the study in detail of errors and instrument- 
al constants and correcting for them or eliminating them to the 
greatest degree possible. 

The course is intended for those students who desire at some time 
to do advanced laboratory work in research, and for teachers in labo- 
ratory physics in colleges. Such research problems as can be com- 
pleted in the time available may be undertaken by special arrange- 
ment. The apparatus available for this work is of a superior quality 
and lends itself to the best grade of work. 

The University credit to be given in this course varies with the 
amount of work done. The laboratory will be open daily from 9 to 
12 excepting Saturday. Assistant Professors Beaker and Shejarer. 

25a. Laboratory practice in applied electricity. This course 
is designed for those students and teachers in physics who desire to 
get a knowledge of the principles of direct and alternating current 
dynamos and motors, transformers, induction motors, etc. The 



32 Chemistry. 

apparatus consists of such small machines as are easily taken apart 
and reassembled to work in different ways. The characteristics and 
efficiencies of the diflferent systems may be studied. 

This course is not open to engineering students for university credit. 

The hours of university credit for students in Arts and Sciences 
depend on the time devoted to the laboratory and the work done. 
Daily except S., 9 to 12. Assistant Professor Bi,aker. 

CHEMISTRY. 

All work is in Morse Hall. 

A. Introductory Inorganic Chemistry, a. Lectures. Daily, 
except Sat., 12, Ch. L. R. i. Assistant Professor Browne. The 
lectures deal with the fundamental theories and laws of chemistry and 
with the more common elements and their compounds. They are 
profusely illustrated by experiments. The course is primarily designed 
to meet the needs of teachers in secondary schools, and to that end 
emphasis is laid upon methods of lecture presentation and experi- 
mental demonstration. Students other than teachers must, before 
registering, satisfy the Department that they are properly prepared to 
carry on the work. 

b. Laboratory work. M. W., F., 8-12, and T., Th., 9-12, Mr. 
ShETTERI/Y. In the laboratory there is given a series of experiments 
designed to illustrate the fundamental laws of chemistry and to ac- 
quaint the student with the properties of the principal elements and 
their compounds. For the benefit of teachers who may take the 
course especial attention will be given to methods of laboratory in- 
struction, quantitative experiments and to the blowing of simple glass 
apparatus. 

c. Recitations. T., Th., 8, Mr. ShetterIvY. The recitations deal 
with the subject matter of the lectures and with the experimental 
work carried on in the laboratory ; they also comprise thorough drill 
in the solution of chemical problems. 

Course A is equivalent to Course i in Chemistry, offered during the 
University year. 

C. Qualitative Analysis. Elementary. Lectures [and recita- 
tions. M., W., F., II. Laboratory, daily except S., 1:30 to 4:30 
Mr. Snowdon. Elementary course for those who havejhad the equiv- 
alent of course A. A study in laboratory and class-room of the meth- 
ods for detecting and separating the principal bases and inorganic 
acids. This is followed by the analysis of various substances, either 
in solution or in solid form, the composition of which is unknown to 



Geography. 33 

the student. Considerable emphasis is laid upon the writing of equa- 
tions expressing the reactions involved iu the work. 

D. Qualitative Analysis. Lectures and recitations. T., Th. 11. 
I^aboratory, daily except Sat., 1:30 to 4:30. Mr. Snowdon. A more 
advanced course for those who have had the equivalent of Course C. 
This course' will include : 

1. A study in laboratory and class-room of the methods of detect- 
ing each of the important acids in the presence of the others, together 
with the reactions involved, followed by the analysis of more com- 
plex mixtures than those assigned in course C. 

2. A comparative study in the laboratory of different methods for 
detecting and separating the bases, i and 2 may be taken together if 
desired. 

E. Quantitative Analysis. Elementary. Two lectures, and 10 
hours in the laboratory per week, at hours to be arranged. Mr. CuSH- 
MAN. An introduction to quantitative methods and the chemistry 
upon which these methods are based. Lectures, explanatory of the 
methods used, are first given : each student then performs simple an- 
alyses which involve the use of the apparatus ordinarily employed in 
analytical work. 

Advanced work (see course P) may be taken by students who com- 
plete this course before the close of the session. 

F. Quantitative Analysis. Advanced. Laboratory practice. 
Mr. CuSHMAN. Special methods of quantitative analysis, both gravi- 
metric and volumetric, such as are employed in the analysis of organic 
substances, iron ores, iron and steel, slags, paints, lubricants, coal and 
coke, cements and cement materials, alloys, ores of copper, lead,zinc, 
mercury, manganese, tin, etc. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

The object of the courses in this department is two fold : first to 
give instruction on subject matter and method in physical geography, 
including laboratory and field work, for teachers in high schools, 
normal schools, and colleges ; and secondly, to offer in connection 
with these courses others on subject matter and method for geogra- 
phy teachers, both in the grades and in the secondary schools. The 
work embraces lectures, conferences, field excursions, laboratory 
work and supplementary reading. The laboratories are equipped 
with an excellent teaching collection of maps, specimens, photo- 
graphs, and models, besides fully 5,000 lantern slides on geographic 
and physiographic subjects. The region about Ithaca is rich in 
geographic features, both physical and industrial, and frequent ex- 



34 Geography. 

cursions are made to places of special interest. For an outline of 
these excursions see synopsis on pp. 36 and 38. 

"University Credit. Upon handing in the required reports and 
passing examinations, regularly matriculated students may receive 
four hours University credit for the three courses A, B and C com- 
bined. Courses D, B and F, with required reading, each count two 
hours. University students desiring to receive credit in courses G or 
H must first consult Mr. WhiTBECK. 

A. Physical Geography. A lecture course upon general physi- 
cal geography, not including the atmosphere. Some of the topics, 
discussed are : rivers, plains and plateaus, shore-lines, mountains, 
volcanos, glaciers and the glacial period ; the ocean, its composition, 
movements and work ; the relation to man. The lectures will be- 
fully illustrated by lantern slides. Students electing this course are- 
advised to take also the two related courses, B and C, and course D, 
Meteorology and Climatology. 

Geological Lecture Room. M., T., W., Th., 9. Professor Tarr. 

B. Laboratory Course in Physical Geography. A practical 
course to illustrate laboratory work in high-schools. Attention is 
given to the possibilities open to teachers in schools having lim- 
ited laboratory equipment. So far as possible the work offered 
■will be arranged to meet the individual needs of teachers. Among 
the topics treated are the following : Common minerals and rocks ;. 
rock structures ; weathering and soil formations ; and the study and 
use of topographic maps, geologic atlases, models and globes. Some 
time is to be devoted to field studies, map and section drawing, mod- 
deling and the use of cameras and photographs. 

Physical Geography Laboratory, T., Th., 3-5. Professor Condra 
and Mr. von EngeIvN. 

C. Field Course in Physical Geography. (^See synopsis of 
Excursions, pp. 36, 38.) One afternoon each week and two Satur- 
day all-day excursions are devoted to the study of physiographic phe- 
nomena in the field. In this field work a study is made of river valley 
forms, both young and mature ; waterfalls ; lakes ; and typical glacial 
deposits, including moraines, drumlins, kames, eskers, and outwash 
plains. Monday afternoon. If necessary two sections of the class 
will be formed ; the second section on Wednesday afternoon. Pro- 
fessor Tarr, Supervisor Whitbeck, Professor Condra, and Mr. 
VON Engeln. 

D. Meteorology and Climatology. Lectures, laboratory work 
and field observations ; designed to meet the needs of teachers 
of physical geography ; offers suggestions as to subjects of 



Geography. 35 

meteorological study that come within the scope of facilities 
afforded by public schools ; where and how meteorological and 
climatological data may be obtained for school use ; acquaints the 
student with the general circulation of the atmosphere ; the develop- 
ment, progression and conditions that attend cyclones, hurricanes, 
tornadoes and special storms ; the construction of weather maps and 
climatological charts; practical weather forecasting from weather 
maps and from local observations ; use and care of meteorological in- 
struments ; general and special climatology and its relation to agri- 
culture. Special attention is given to the practical application 
of the principles of meteorology as exemplified by the work of the 
United States Weather Bureau and other similar organizations. 

I,ectures, M., W., F., 12, Geological Lecture Room. Laboratory, 
W., 2-4:30. Section Director, U. S. Weather Bureau Wii^Ford M. 
WlI^SON. 

E. Geography of North America. A summary study of the 
evolution, structure, relief and climate of the continent, and a 
fuller treatment of the physiographic regions, coast lines, resources 
and industries of the United States. The origin of the various 
land and water forms is explained, and especial attention is 
given to the control exercised by physiographic conditions upon 
life, cultural features, and the settlement and development of 
the various regions. Irrigation, drainage, forestation, dry farming 
and the introduction of drouth resistant crops, as methods of reclama- 
tion, are considered in their geographical relation. Much attention 
is given to supplementary reading and to the literature of the subject 
in general. The course is suited to students both of geography and 
history. It is fully illustrated with lantern slides, maps, folios and 
models. 

Lectures, M., W., Th., F., 8, Geological Lecture Room. Professor 

CONDRA. 

F. The Geography of Europe. A consideration of the physio- 
graphic features of Europe and their influence upon the history and 
industrial development of the several nations. The principal sub- 
topics are: (i) Physiography of the continent and its development ;; 
(2) climatic conditions; (3) natural resources; (4) influence of 
these various physiographic features upon race characteristics, 
early movements of people, development of navigation, modern 
national development, and location of leading cities, both in the 
past and present. Fully illustrated with lantern slides and maps. 
Geological Lecture Room, M., T., W., Th., 10. Professor Tarr. 

G. Geographical Influences and delations. Lectures, illus- 



36 Geography. 

trative lessons, and readings, designed to show the influence of 
climatic and physiographic conditions upon human activities. 
Method of teaching geographic relations will receive attention. 
Some of the topics treated are : the influence of climate, soil, 
coast line, mountains, valleys, plains, ocean currents, and navigable 
inland waters ; geographic causes which determine the location and 
growth of cities, the selection of trade routes, the growth and migra- 
tion of industrial centers ; man's reaction upon his environment and 
his conquest of natural obstacles. 

Physical Geography Laboratory, M., T., W., Th., F.. ii. Super- 
visor Whitbeck. 

H. Elementary Earth Science. Five field trips and one in- 
door lesson. Matter and method will both receive consideration. 
Suitable for Grammar school teachers as well as for High and Normal 
school teachers. (See also Nature Study, p. 41.) 

(i) How the soil is made ; its differences and qualities ; samples. 

(2) The work of the streams. 

(3-4) The story of the rocks ; two trips ; collection of specimens. 

(5) The stories that the pebbles tell ; collection of specimens. 

(6) l/cssons from selected museum specimens. 
Friday, 2-4:30. Supervisor WhiTbeck. 

Bound Table Conference in Geography. 

There will be several evening conferences for instructors and stu- 
dents in Geography, at which discussions of important general topics 
relating to geography will take place. Some topics discussed in 
previous years were Nature and Scope of Geography, Principles 
Determining the Course of Study in Geography, Kxcursions and 
Laboratory Work in Geography, Sources of Geographic Knowledge. 

Attendance on this course is purely voluntary, but all members of 
the Geography courses are invited. Such free interchange of views 
among teachers and students is expected to throw much light on 
problems of teaching and on working methods. 

General Liectures. 

A course of weekly lectures on topics of general geographic inter- 
est will be given during the session by members of the Faculty. A 
list of these lectures will be announced early in the session. 

SYNOPSIS OF EXCURSIONS OFFEBED IN COURSE C. 

Conducted by Prof. Tarr, Prof. Condra, Supervisor Whitbeck, and 
Mr. Von Engeln. 
Although offered as regular work in Course C these excursions may 



Geography. 37 

be attended by students in the other geography courses. The first 
six are required of all students registered in Course C. In addition 
they must attend either two of the all day excursions (7, 8, and 9), or 
one of the longer voluntary excursions (10 and 11.) 

Afternoon Excursions. 

(i) Physiograpliy of the Campus and Immediate Vicinity. 
Young and mature valleys ; diflference in form ; in other character- 
istics ; evidence of glaciation ; evidence of former higher level of 
lake ; origin of Lake Cayuga ; influence of the physiography on the 
settlement and industrial development of the region. 

(2) Excursion to Six Mile Creek, to study the gorge and water- 
falls ; the evidence of interglacial gorges ; effect of the terminal mo- 
raine on the valley form ; the difference of the valley form in drift 
and in rock ; the agents of weathering ; influence of these facts'on the 
questions of water supply and water power. 

(3) Excursion to Shore of Lake Cayuga, to study wave form 
and movement ; effects of wave erosion and transportation ; the fill- 
ing of lakes and the accompanying formation of strata ; influence of 
stream action in lake filling ; the resulting shore forms ; nature and 
origin of joint planes ; influence on man. 

(4) Excursion to Coy Glen, to study the elevated deltas, 
a study of their form, and the evidence of former ice dams, which 
held up the waters of Lake Cayuga to higher levels ; influence of these 
deltas in causing the Coy Glen gorge to be formed ; a study of the 
gorge and its waterfalls ; comparison between the lake history of the 
Cayuga valley and that of the Great Lakes. 

(5) Excursion to South Hill, to study the broader physiographic 
features of the region ; the maturely dissected plateau ; the lake val- 
ley ; the lake delta ; and the influence of physiography on settlement 
and transportation routes. 

(6) Excursion to North Spencer, to study the characteristics of 
a typical terminal moraine ; its dissection by postglacial streams ; its 
relation to the preglacial Cayuga Valley ; overflow channel and out- 
wash deposits ; cultural adaptation to topography and streams. 

Bxpense of Excursion 6 about |i.oo ; others have no expense. 

All-Day Excursions. 

{7) Excursion on Lake Cayuga by Steamer, to study the 
deltas now forming in the lake ; the Devonian strata of the lake 
shore ; their fossil contents and variations in texture ; the folding of 
the rocks ; the joint planes ; the Taughannock gorge and falls ; the 
salt works ; the Portland cement works. Expense about ^0.75. 



38 Botany. 

(8) Excursion to Enfield by wagon, to study the preglacial val- 
ley : interglacial gorge ; postglacial gorge ; influence of hard layers 
on valley form ; influence of joint planes ; elevated deltas ; lateral 
moraine of Cayuga lake lobe of great ice sheet ; hanging valleys ; 
glacial erosion. Expense about |i.oo 

(9) Excursion to Freeville by wagon, to study the upper Fall 
Creek valley ; its change from a young lower course to a mature 
upper course ; the extension of the terminal moraine across the val- 
ley ; characteristics of eskers, of kames, and of outwash plains ; the 
relation of these deposits to the moraine ; influence of glacial deposits 
on agriculture. On this excursion a visit to the George Junior Re- 
public is usually made. Expense about |i.oo. 

Longer Voluntary Excursions. 

(10) Excursion to Niagara. The two plains ; the rapids ; the 
cataract ; the gorge ; the buried gorge ; the whirlpool ; the aban- 
doned fall at Foster Flat ; the lower river ; the strata of the gorge ; 
the beaches of higher level of Lake Ontario ; the origin and history 
of Niagara ; the influence of Niagara on industry. Opportunity will 
be afibrded to visit the immense power plant and some of the factories 
that have developed near the falls. (Friday and Saturday.) 

(11) Excursion to Watkins Glen. A drive across the upland 
plateau, visiting the small Cayuta lake, and studying the moraine 
and its influence on the formation of the lake ; a study of Watkins 
and Havana Glens, among the most beautiful in the country ; a con- 
sideration of their cause. A comparison of Seneca and Cayuga lake 
valleys. Influence of these valleys on the industrial development of 
the region. Contrast with the upland. ( Friday and Saturday. ) 

BOTANY. 

The lecture rooms and laboratories are in the south-east 
wing of Sage College. 

The courses here announced are especially designed to aid teachers 
in their work with elementary classes, and at the same time to fur- 
nish information and training for those not intending to teach. Field 
methods will be exemplified so far as practical in each of the courses, 
and in connection therewith valuable material may be secured for 
future use by the student. Short excursions will be substituted for 
the periods in the laboratory from time to time. 

Three all-day excursions on Saturday, for purposes of special study, 
have been planned for students in all the courses. 



Botany. 39 

I. Aquatic vegetation, Cayuga, N. Y. , July 20. Expense, about 75c. 
II. Peat-bog and marl pond vegetation, Junius, N. Y., July 27- 
Expense, about |i. 75. 

III. Ravine and rock vegetation, Enfield, N. Y., Augusts. S^- 
^ense, about |i. 10. 

Special announcements and outlines for study will be furnished for 
-each of these excursions. 

All students desiring University credit in any of the courses must 
participate in at least two of these excursions. 

It is desirable that students taking courses D, E and F should have 
had some previous training in Botany. lycctures in the various 
■ courses will be illustrated with photographs, lantern slides, projection 
apparatus, and as far as possible with living material. 

A. Elementary Physiology and General Morphology of 
Plants. A general elementary course in Botany. The aim of the 

• earlier part of the work will be to familiarize the student with the 
general principles underlying the processes of absorption, nutrition, 
growth, etc., in plants, as well as with the methods of performing ex- 
periments to illustrate these phenomena. The latter part of the 
work will be devoted to a comparative study of the form and repro- 
duction of representative species of all the great plant groups — algae, 
fungi, liverworts, mo?ses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. 
Emphasis will be placed on the homologies of the vegetative parts 
and organs of reproduction. I^ectures, M., W., F., at 8. I^aboratory, 
M., W., F., 9-12. Dr. DuRAND. University credit, 3 hours. 

B. Special Morphology of the Higher Plants. 4 comparative 
-study of the vegetative and floral structures of the angiosperms. 
Types are selected representing the various groups of angiosperms. 
These will be studied from the point of view of their comparative form 
and their adaptation to special functions. Field studies will be under- 
taken for the purpose of illustrating and amplifying the work done in 
the laboratory. Excursions from time to time will be made to nearby 
localities. Drawings, notes and photographs will be utilized in con- 
nection with the course. Lectures, T., Th., at 8. Laboratory and 
Field work, T., Th., 9-12. Professor Rowi,ke;. University credit, 
two hours. 

C. Organography and Identification of the Higher Plants. 
A study of the kinds of plants with special reference to structure, 
identification, habit and distribution of the species. Lectures, labora- 
tory, and field work. Special training in the methods of studying a 
local flora, use of manuals and keys. Students may prepare an 
herbarium in addition to the regular work. There will be frequent 
tshort excursions to points of interest about Ithaca, and excursions I 



40 Botany. 

and II will be required. The region about Ithaca is especially rich lot 
plant forms, easy of access, and affords unusual opportunity for this- 
work. Students having sufficient preparation may take some special 
group of plants for study. Lectures, F., 12 ; Laboratory, T., Th., F., 
2-5. Dr. WiEGAND. University credit, 2 hours. 

D. Taxonomy and Embryology of the Bryophy tes and Ferns. 
Practice in the collection and identification of liverworts, mosses and 
ferns. The student will become familiar with the commoner genera- 
and species, especially those usually employed in class work. Atten- 
tion may also be given to certain phases of the embryology and. 
devolopment of typical plants of the same groups, or of the gym- 
nosperms or angiosperms, if found desirable. 

The region about Ithaca oflFers exceptional opportunities for the 
study of bryophytes and ferns. Part of the time will be spent in field 
work and excursions. In addition, students taking this course will be 
required to join excursions II and III. 

Lectures, M., W., 12. Laboratory and field work, M., W., afternoons. 
Dr. DXJRAND. University credit, 2 hours. 

E. Trees and| Shrubs. Biological and Taxonomic Study of 
Trees. The subject will be approached from the point of view of a 
tree as an organism which has adapted itself to special conditions of 
nature. In studying the kinds of trees, their adaptation to special 
conditions will be kept constantly in view. Much of the work will 
be done in the field. The sylvan conditions in the immediate 
vicinity of the University afford a fine opportunity for acquiring 
familiarity with many kinds of trees growing under a variety of con- 
ditions. A brief study of the structure and development of wood will 
also be undertaken. Excursions II and III are required. Lectures, 
T.,Th., at 12. Laboratory and Field Work, T., Th., afternoons. 
Professor Rowi^EE. University credit, 2 hours. 

F. Ecology of Plants. A study of the relation of plants to their 
environment, including the following topics : — adaptations, both ex- 
ternal and internal, environmental factors, sequence and growth in 
plant societies, training in ecological methods. Lectures, laboratory 
and field work. Frequent short excursions will be made, and one all 
day trip on Saturday, in connection with Course C, to some point of 
special ecological interest. Special attention will be given to teachers 
of nature study who desire to obtain more information regarding the 
adaptations of plants. Students having sufficient preparation may 
elect some special problem in histological ecology. Excursions I and 
II will be required. Lectures, T., Th., 8 ; Laboratory, T., Th., 9-12. 
Dr. WiEGAND. University credit, 2 hours. 



Nahire- Study. 41 

GENERAL ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY. 

The New York Course in First-Year Biology. The objects of 
this course are (i) to consider the aims and limitations of the work 
in first-year biology ; (2) to suggest satisfactory methods of equipping 
laboratories and of obtaining material at small expense ; (3) to guide 
teachers in secondary schools in carrying on the laboratory experi- 
ments and observational work required in first-year biology ; and (4) 
to discuss the preparation of note books, laboratory drawings and 
other means of fixing in the mind of the student the facts and princi- 
ples that should be acquired in this study. The course will be con- 
ducted, therefore, wholly to meet the needs of high school teachers 
of biology. 

Since in most schools the biological instruction begins in Septem- 
ber rather than in the Spring term, the topics of the New York State 
Syllabus will be treated in the order that seems most natural for such 
course. As far as time allows each teacher will be expected to do in- 
dividual laboratory work on the various topics. In addition there 
will be general lectures that will show the relation to each other of 
the various parts of the course. Demonstrations will also be given of 
successful methods of keeping plants and animals alive in the class- 
room, of securing and preserving material, and of using this material 
in large classes and in museum exhibition. Opportunity will be 
given as far as possible for additional work to those teachers who are 
specially interested in any one of the three sub-divisions of the 
biological work (botany, zoology, or human physiology). Daily ex- 
cept Saturday. I/ectures at 8, laboratory hours by appointment. 
Stimson Hall. Mr. Peabody. 

NATURE-STUDY. 

Course A. The Nature- Study Idea. Lectures on the history 
and development of the nature study idea ; its educational signifi- 
cance and position under existing conditions ; its pedagogics ; logical 
and progressive courses for grades below the high school ; its mate- 
rials and their use ; field trips : experimental work ; the literature of 
the subject and other general topics fundamental to the proper pre- 
sentation of the subject. A part of the time assigned to this course 
will be given to lectures upon the selection and organization of 
material, the illustrations being drawn from plant life. Daily except 
Saturday 9, Central Building of College of Agriculture. Professor 

COUI,TER. 

Course B. Plant Life in Nature- Study. Field and Laboratory 
work. The work will be of an extremely practical nature, the pur- 



42 Entomology. 

pose being to illustrate the proper management of the out-door work 
of pupils, as well as to familiarize the teacher with the more common 
plant forms which constitute so large a part of nature study material. 

Some of the subjects of the course are : The school yard as a 
laboratory ; practical studies of trees and shrubs ; weeds ; dominant 
plant families : fruits, native and cultivated ; the propagation and 
migration of plants ; plant societies ; root and stem forms. 

Special trips for the development of specific subjects will be 
arranged upon request. M., W., 2-4:30. Professor Coui<TER. 

ENTOSIOLOGT. 

Most of the courses announced below are the equivalents of courses- 
offered during the academic year, and for regular university students 
the requirements for admission and the natiore of the work will be the 
same as during the regular school year. Students from other schools 
who wish to pass up courses B and C (or courses 4 and 5 in the an- 
nouncement of courses for the academic year) must present drawings 
showing the work done. Credit for laboratory work will be allowed 
at the rate of one university hour for each thirty-six actual hours. 

Courses B and C are parallel courses and will be adapted as far as 
possible to meet the individual needs of teachers or others who wish 
to do general elementary work. Regular students may elect these 
courses but, if they wish to take more advanced courses later, must 
then elect sufl&cient hours of courses 4 and 5 to complete the require- 
ments for admission to advanced work. 

The laboratories and lecture-room of the Entomological Depart- 
ment are located on the third floor of the central building of the New 
York State College of Agriculture. 

A. Elementary Entomolog'y. Lectures on the characteristics of 
the orders, sub-orders, and the more important families, and on the 
habits of representative species. M., W., F., 12. University credit 
one hour. Entomological Lecture Room. Assistant Professor Mac- 

GlI,I.IVRAY. 

B. Elementary Morphology of Insects. Laboratory work. An 
elementary course presenting the essentials of insect anatomy. Labo- 
ratory open M., W., F., 8-5. University credit two or more hours. 
Laboratory fee 50c for each university hour. Laboratory of Insect 
Morphology. Assistant Professor Rii,h;y. 

C. Elementary Systematic Entomology. Laboratory work. 
An elementary course giving practice in the determination of insects. 
Laboratory open T., Th., 8-5. Laboratory fee 50c for each Univer- 



Entomology. 43 

sity hour. Laboratoty Systematic Entomology. Assistant Professor 
MacGii^I/IVRAY. University credit, one hour. 
Open only to students who are taking at least two hours of course B. 

D. Entomotaxy. Laboratory and field work. Methods of col- 
lecting insects and their preparation for the cabinet. M., 2:30-5, T., 
8-1 1. Laboratory Systematic Entomology. Assistant Professor 
MacGii^IvIVRAY. University credit, one hour. 

Open only to students who are taking course C. 

E. Advanced Systematic Entomology. lyaboratory work. 
I^aboratory open T., Th., 8-5. Credit three University hours. Lab- 
oratory fee, |6.oo. Laboratory Systematic Entomology. Assistant 
Professor MacGii.i,ivray. University credit, two hours. 

Open only to students who have taken courses 4 and 5 or courses 
B and C 

F. Insect Histology. Lecture course. Special attention paid to 
those features of histological structure which are peculiar to the 
arthropods. The lantern slides, charts and histological preparations 
with which the department is well equipped will be used freely for 
illustrative purposes. M., W., F., 8. Credit one University hour. 
Entomological Lecture Room. Assistant Professor RiiyEY. 

Open for credit only to such students as have had courses 4 and 5, 
(as in University Register), or t^.eir equivalent. 

G. Insect Histology. Laboratory course. This course is de- 
signed for students of general biology, as well as for those preparing 
for research in insect morphology. The work will be, as far as possi- 
ble, adapted to meet the individual needs of the student. Laboratory 
open M., W., F., 8-5. University credit two or more hours. Lctbo- 
ratory of Insect Morphology. Assistant Professor Rii^ey. 

Open only to students who have taken courses 4 and 5 (as in 
University Register) or their equivalent. 

H. Classification of the Coccidae. A course designed to famili- 
arize the student with the more injurious species of scale insects, the 
method of preparing specimens for study, and the systematic arrange- 
ment of the species. Lecture and laboratory work. Laboratory 
open daily ex. S., 8-5. University credit, five hours. Laboratory 
fee, I5.50. Laboratory Systematic Entomology. Assistant Professor 
MacGii,i,ivray. 

Open only to students who have taken courses 4 and 5 (as in 
University Register) or courses B and C. 

I. Research in Entomology. Advanced work arranged with 
reference to needs and attainments of each student. For those wish- 
ing to carry on research in entomology during the regular academic 



44 Vertebrate Zoology — Physiology. 

year especial opportunities are offered for the collection and preserva. 
tion of material which it would be impossible to obtain except during 
the summer. L,aboratory open daily ex. S., 8-5. Assistant Professors 
MacGillivray and Rii,ey. 

J. Seminary. The work of an entomological seminary is car- 
ried on by the Jugatse, an entomological club which meets for the 
discussion of current literature and of the results of investigations. 
Attendance at the meetings may be counted as laboratory work. 

T., 4-5- 

VERTEBBATE ZOOLOGY. 

A. Elementary "Vertebrate Zoolog'y. Lectures M., W., F., 9. 
McGraw 5 ; and three laboratory exercises by the class in sections. 
McGraw S- First section M., W., F., 10-12:30; second section M., 
W., F., 2-4:30 Assistant Professor Reed and Mr. SheIvDON. The 
lectures will treat of the structure, development, systematic relation- 
ships and life-histories and habits of chordate animals. The labora- 
tory periods will be devoted to the dissection and study of representa- 
tive forms. Thosa to which special attention will be given are : the 
lancelet, lamprey, ray, shark, ganoid, bony fish, salamander, frog, 
turtle, bird, and mammal. 

University credit, 3 hours. Laboratory fee ^6 00. 

B. Ornithology. Lecture, S., 9, j^i^Grawj. Laboratory and field 
work to be arranged at the first lecture. Assistant Professor REED 
and Mr. Wright. The lectures will treat of the various phases of 
bird life. As laboratory work, practice in classification with the aid 
of^a manual, will be given. Two field excursions will be held each 
week under the direction of an instructor. For this work field or 
opera glasses are necessary in order to accomplish the best res-ults. 

University credit, 2 hours. Laboratory fee $1.50. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

A. General Human Physiology. Lecture-Conversations. This 
course is designed as a beginning course in Physiology, especially ar- 
ranged for those who expect to teach Physiology in the secondary 
schools, and who wish to cover the entire subject. 

Lee's American edition of Huxley's Physiology will be followed as 
a text book from which assignments will be made in advance. The 
topics assigned will be discussed, expanded and illustrated in the lec- 
ture periods. The lantern slides, charts, diagrams and physiological 
apparatus with which the department is well equipped will be used 
in illustration of the subject wherever possible. M., W., F., xo. 



Physiology. 45 

University credit, one hour. Stitnson Hall, Amphitheatre. Assistant 
Professor Kingsbury. 

B. Anatoxaical Physiolog'y. I^aboratory work. This course 
will consist in the careful and systematic dissection, under direct 
supervision, of the cat's body, together with the heart and brain of 
the sheep, in illustration of the structure, location and functions of 
the organs of the human body. Comparison will be made at every 
step with the conditions in the human body. 

Microscopic preparations will be made showing the finer structure 
of the organs as they are studied in the gross dissection. 

Designed for those who lack the necessary preliminary knowledge 
of anatomy as a basis for Physiology. Coarse B may be taken with 
advantage in connection with course A. M., W., F., ii-i. University 
credit, one hour. Stimson Hall, Room 34. Assistant Professor Kings- 
bury and Dr. Dresbach. 

C. Practical Physiology. This course has been arranged to 
meet the needs of teachers of physiology in the secondary schools, 
the aim being to assist the teacher in illustrating the subject by simple 
experiments which do not demand expensive apparatus. The course 
is quite flexible and can be adapted to the needs of each individual 
applicant. In addition to the laboratory work, there will be demon- 
strations, consultations, and text book work in order that funda- 
mental facts may have as clear a presentation as is possible. This 
course may be taken in combination with courses A and B. T., Th., 
lo-i. Other additional hours may be arranged for. Stitnson Hall, 
Room 34. Dr. Dresbach. 

D. Laboratory Work in Physiology. This course is designed 
to meet the needs of the general student of Physiology. The follow- 
ing subjects will be considered: (a) Chemistry of the Food Stuffs, 
(b) Physiology of Digestion and Nutrition, (c) Muscle and Nerve, 
(d) Circulation, (e) The Nervous System and Organs of Special 
Sense (Bye in particular). T., Th., lo-i. University credit one hour. 
Stimson Hall, Room 34. Dr. Dresbach. 

F. Experimental Physiology. I^aboratory work. The course 
will cover (a) The Blood and Lymph, (b) Muscle and Nerve, (c) 
Heart and Circulation, (d) Respiration, (e) Vision. Any one division 
of the work may be taken or selected experiments performed. Six 
or more hours per week. Mornings, at hours to be arranged. Uni- 
versity credit, varied according to amount of work. Stim,son Hall, 
Room 34. Assistant Professor Kingsbury and Dr. Dresbach. 

The work done in this course is more technical than that of course 
D and will be accepted, hour for hour, in place of the laboratory 
work required of students of medicine at Ithaca. 



46 Manual Training. 

F. Advanced Physiology. Lecture course. Selected topics. 
The field of Physiology is so large that it cannot be satisfactorily 
covered in detail in a short time. Divisions of the subject will be 
chosen to suit as nearly as possible, the needs of those who tJ-e the 
course. The lectures will be illustrated by means of experiment and 
lantern slides. A general knowledge of the gross and fine structure 
of the body is presupposed in this course. The work may count, 
hour for hour, on the work in Physiology required of medical students 
at Ithaca. T., Th., 9. University credit i hour. Stimson Hall, 
Amphitheatre. Assistant Professor Kingsbury. 

The Department is well equipped with physiological apparatus for 
demonstration, illustration and^experiment, ^such as ophthalmoscopes, 
perimeters, etc. , kymographs and other recording apparatus ; sphyg- 
momanometers, sphygmographs, cardigraphs, and other heart and 
circulation apparatus; pneumographs, stethographs, etc., diagrams, 
lantern slides, etc. 

MANUAL TRAINING. 

General Statement. This course is designed especially for the 
needs of teachers of manual training in elementary, secondary and 
normal schools. Its aim is to unite the thorough technical training 
which is given in the regular summer course in the various branches 
of the mechanic arts with sound professional instruction in the sci- 
ence and art of education. 

More and more is it recognized that the teacher of manual training 
needs a larger appreciation of the true educational significance of the 
subject. Not only does he need a thorough technical knowledge of 
the subject matter but also a better understanding of the pedagogical 
problems governing the best development. 

Equipment. 

The shops and drawing rooms of Sibley College are the largest and 
best equipped of any college in the country. They are being used by 
1 100 students and can accommodate 1500. They are at the disposal 
of the students of the Summer Session, who have the further advant- 
age of seeing the regular instruction given to Sibley College students. 
They include a machine shop, a foundry, a blacksmith shop, and a 
wood working shop. The shops are exceptionally well supplied with 
machines and tools for the most complete instruction in the various 
subjects. 

A portion of this equipment has been re-arranged and adapted for 
the special needs of teachers of manual training. 



Manual Training. 47 

Admission. The courses are open to men and women, and will 
tneet the needs of (a) Teachers of manual training who wish to per- 
fect themselves in technical skill and professional study ; (b) Men or 
women who have the teaching experience or who possess technical 
ability and wish to qualify as teachers of manual training. 

(c) Teachers of the State of New York who wish to qualify for the 
«tate examination in drawing and manual training as outlined in the 
syllabus for elementary schools, published by the New York State 
Education Department. 

(d) School superintendents, principals of schools and teachers who 
wish to acquaint themselves with the methods and practices of man- 
(ual training through the lectures and conferences. 

Course of Study. 

Includes in its scope : 

1. A thorough training in the mechanic arts. 

2. Instruction in mechanical drawing. 

3. Class-room study of various methods and problems of manual 
training. 

4. I/Cctures, discussions and reading in Principles of Education. 
(Students electing manual training who have not had previous 

training in the various problems of education ought to elect Course 
A in Education.) 

1. Manual Training for the Lower Grades. A course in bas- 
ketry ami weaving. Construction work in paper and cardboard, the 
elements of wood working. This course is presented to meet par- 
ticularly the needs of the regular grade teacher. 

2. Wood Working for Elementary Schools. A course employ- 
ing a comprehensive set of bench tools adapted to the upper grades 
of the grammar schools, each model considered from the standpoint of 
fitness, form and decoration. Methods of presentation and execution. 
Mr. Dean and Mr. Burke. 

3. Wood Working for Secondary Schools. A course which 
aims to prepare for the teaching of wood working in the secondary 
schools. It includes joinery, wood turning, pattern making and 
objects of furniture. Mr. Burke. 

4. Forging for Secondary Schools. A course which meets the 
needs of the teachers of forging in the secondary schools. It includes 
various kinds of welding, methods of tempering, dressing of tools and 
the designing and making of those projects which offer opportunity 
for simple decorative treatment. Mr. Head. 

5. Foundry Work for Secondary Schools. A thorough course 



48 Manual Training. 

in molding, casting, mixing of metals and the operation of cupola^ 
Mr. Vanderhoep. 

6. Machine Work for Secondary Schools. A strong technical 
course in filling and fitting with a comprehensive training upon the 
various tools of the thoroughly equipped machine shop. Students 
have the privilege of electing the lectures on the "Principles of 
Manufacture". Mr. WELLS. 

7. Course in Mechanical Drawing for Elementary Schools. 
This course follows closely the syllabus of requirements of the New 
York State Department of Education and is intended to meet the 
needs of the grade teacher. Mr. Williams. 

8. Course in Mechanical Drawing for Secondary Schools. 
This course is designed for either those who wish to teach mechanical 
drawing in secondary schools or who feel the need of a more com- 
plete knowledge of this subject in order to assist them in teaching 
shop work. Some of the topics covered are, use of instruments, 
lettering, orthorgraphic and isometric projection, inking, tracing, 
conventions and working drawings. Students who are already 
familiar with these topics can elect a more advanced course. Sibley 
102. Mr. Williams. 

9. Lectures and Conferences. The lectures and conferences re- 
late the training in practical work with the study of methods of pre- 
sentation and its bearing upon the principles of education. This 
work is in charge of Mr. Dean, assisted by members of the instruct- 
ing staff. Daily except Saturday 11. Goldwin Smith 156. 

The following topics are considered : 

History and Growth of Manual Training. 

Relation of Manual Training to the Aim and Means of Education. 

Correlation of Manual Training with Other School Work. 

Problems met in Organizing Manual Training, including Super- 
vision, Courses of Study, Equipment, etc. 

Adaptation of Manual Training Courses to the Needs of Small 
Towns and Rural Communities. 

Use of Equipment for Evening School Work. 

The University Library for reading and original work in this de- 
partment is available to the students. It includes books, pamphlets, 
periodicals, photographs, and reports. 

Daily Program. 

8:00 to 11:00. Shop work under the supervision of Mr. DEan 
and the instructor in charge of the shop. 

11.00 to 1:00. Lectures and Conferences on Manual Training. Mr. 



Manual Training — Shop- Work a^id Drawing. 49 

Dban. IvCctures, discussions and readings in Education A. Pro- 
fessor DeGarmo. See p. 13. (Omitted Saturdays,) 

2 :oo to 5 :oo. Shop or drawing room practice. ( Omitted Saturdays. ) 
Further information as to the methods and scope of the depart- 
mental work may be obtained by addressing Professor Kimbai,!,. 

MANUAL TBAINING FOR RURAL SCHOOLS. 

The courses in the manual arts and mechanical drawing differ from 
the ordinary courses in the subjects in that the useful side of the 
knowledge and training is emphasized and is made as practical as 
possible. The carpentry is not merely manual training. It is farm 
carpentry. The course in blacksmithing deals with the practical re- 
pair work of the farm rather than being associated with the machine 
trade as is the ordinary course in forging. The mechanical drawing 
concerns itself not so much with the principles of mechanical draw- 
ing as related to the needs of machine design as to the planning of 
buildings and structures required on the farm. 

Carpentry. The general aim is to teach students to care for and 
to use the common carpentry tools, such as should be found on every 
farm. The students are required to make mortise joints, splices, and 
handles. They are taught to lay out rafters, stairways, frames, and 
such other problems as occur in farm building construction. Each 
student is required to file his own saw, sharpen his chisel, plane, etc. 

Blacksmithing. The general aim is to teach students to do the 
ordinary repair work and to make the simple tools needed on the 
farm. Some of the topics considered are, the management of the forge 
and fire, the bending, shaping and welding of iron and steel, the 
making of liuks, rings, hooks, bolts, whiffle-tree irons, cold chisels 
and the shaping and tempering of steel tools. 

Drawing. The general aim is to give to students a knowledge of 
mechanical drawing sufficient to make them capable of planning 
farm buildings such as dwellings, barns, poultry houses, etc., of design- 
ing convenient cupboards, cases and other interior fittings and esti- 
mating the cost of materials and construction. 

SHOP- WORK AND DRAWING FOR ENGINEERING 
STUDENTS. 

Under the direction of Professor Kimball. Office 205 Sibley. 

A. Mechanical Drawing. An elementary course in Drawing 
for beginners, covering use of instruments, orthographic and isomet- 
ric projection, inking, tracing, conventions, working drawings, etc. 
2-5 p M. daily except Saturday, Sibley 201. Mr. Wii,i,iams. 



50 Drawing a7id Painting. 

B. Machine Sketching and Drawing. A more advanced cours 
in mechanical drawing for those who have had the equivalent of 
Course A. Sketching of machine parts, machine drawing from 
sketches, empirical design. This course is an application of the work 
in Course A to such machine designing as can be done without a 
knowledge of mechanics. 2-5 daily except Saturday, Sibley 201. 
Mr. Wii,i<iAMS. 

C. Descriptive Geometry. See page 52. 

Shop Work. 

A. Pattern Making. Use of wood working tools ; elements of 
pattern making. Mr. Burke;. 

B. Foundry Work. Moulding, casting, mixing of metals, opera- 
tion of cupola, etc. Mr. VandERHOEF. 

C. Forge Work. Forging, welding, tool dressing, tempering, 
etc. Mr. Head. 

D. Machine Work. Use of measuring tools ; hand and machine 
tools; fitting and assembling. Each of the above courses daily ex- 
cept Saturday, 8-12, 1-5, and Saturday, 8-1. Mr. WEi<i<S. 

E. Principles of Manufacturing. Must be taken in connection 
with course D. Theory of measuring and other shop tools, element- 
ary theory of manufacturing ; cost and time keeping systems, etc. 
Four lectures per week, M., T., W., Th., 11, Sibley /05, Mr. WEi,i,S. 

F. Manual Training. The scope of the above courses in shop 
work is the same as that of the corresponding courses given to the 
regular Sibley College students. They are intended for prospective 
engineering students or those who have already matriculated. In 
addition to these, special courses are offered in each shop, designed 
to meet the wants of manual training teachers, and given in close con- 
nection with the technical work of manual training. (See pp. 47, 48.) 
Teachers having special needs may have courses made up to suit 
their wants. At the same time it is greatly to their advantage to see 
the work as given to the regular engineering students. Blue prints 
of all exercises used can be had at a nominal price. 

DRAWING AND PAINTING. 

This work will comprise two courses : — A. Representation ; A. 
Pure Design. The aim of this course is to give, by theory and prac- 
tice, a thorough understanding of those fundamental principles upon 
which the art of drawing and painting is based ; to enable the student 
not only to express himself adequately through the art of drawing 
and painting, but to have an intelligent understanding and use of its 



Mechanics of Engineering. 51 

terms. The work will consist of studio work, out-door sketching, daily 
individual criticism and informal lectures. Use will be made of the 
University Museum of Casts, Museum of Natural History, and 
Library. Weekly criticism of outside work will be given to those 
desiring it. lyists and necessary materials for each course may be 
obtained at the Cornell Co-op. Society and should be brought at the 
first session. 

A. Representation. Daily except Sat., 8-11. Franklin Hall. 
Mr. FuRi/ONG. This course deals with the truth of imitation, with the 
representation of objects as they appear to the normal eye as distin- 
guished from the conventional and decorative, known as pure design. 
It is intended for art students, supervisors of drawing and teachers in 
the public schools. Special attention will be given to the needs of the 
grade teachers. The following subjects will be considered in theory and 
practice. Observation. Visual-mental thinking in tones, positions, 
measures and shapes. Drawing. The graphic expression of observation. 
E)lements of Perspective. The laws of foreshortening and appearance. 
Drawing in Chiaroscuro. Consideration of Composition in Drawing 
and Painting. Design in Representation. Consideration of Methods 
of Teaching Drawing. 

B. Pure Design. Daily except Saturday. Franklin Hall, 8-11. 
Mr. Furi,ong. This course deals with the truth of imagination, the 
recording of ideas, and is intended for students and teachers desiring 
a practical working ba'ris upon which to form some definite conception 
of the elements of pure design. It is intended to assist the student 
in obtaining a definite knowledge of terms of drawing, in an under- 
standing of tone — (colors, intensities, neutralities, values) — relations 
in the analysis and synthesis of pure design, and inducing a finer 
visual discrimination and power of graphic expression in this subject. 
The topics to be considered in theory and practice are as follows : — 
Observation. Visual-mental thinking in tones, positions, measures 
and shapes. Differentiation of Pure Design and Representation. 
Consideration of the Elements of Pure Design, — tones, positions, 
measures and shapes in forms of balance, rhythm and harmony, in 
forms of order, and in forms of beauty. Tones. Quantities and 
qualities of light. Tone Classification and Definition. Tone-Relations. 
The Analytic and Synthetic Application of Tone-Relations to Pure 
Design. 

MECHANICS OF EXaiNEEBING. 

A. Mechanics. This course is the equivalent of the first term of 
course 20, College of Civil Engineering. Admission to this course is 
restricted to those already having a fair knowledge of the subject. 



52 Descriptive Geometry. 

Students in Cornell University Engineering courses are not admitted 
to this course, unless they have taken the first term of course 20 in 
University classes during the regular University year and received a 
mark of at least 41. Those taking it, are not, in the main, permitted 
to take other work in the University. Problems form the basis of this 
work ; a rapid review of parts of Church's " Mechanics of Engineer- 
ing" is also involved. A study of the principles and applications to 
engineering of the mechanics of solids. Statics. Centers of gravity. 
Chains and cords. Dynamics of a material point. Impact. Virtual 
velocities. Centripetal and centrifugal forces. Moments of inertia 
of plane figures. Elementary principles of work and energy. Stresses 
and strains. Tension. Shearing. Compression. Torsion. Ele- 
mentary problems in flexure. Lectures, recitations and problems, 
daily, except Saturday, 9, 10. Lincoln Hall, 32. Assistant Professor 
JOHANNSEN. 

B. Mechanics. This course is the equivalent to the second term 
of course 20, College of Civil Engineering. The restrictions in this 
course are the same as in Mechanics A above. Advanced problems in 
flexure. Elastic curves. Safe loads. Continuous girders. Moments 
of inertia of solids. Dynamics of rigid bodies. General principles of 
work and energ}'. Power. Fly-wheels. Friction. Dynamometers. 
Belting. Graphic statics of mechanism. Elementary principles of 
hydraulics. Recitations, lectures, and problems, daily except Satur- 
day,' 10, 11. Lincoln Hall 32. Assistant Professor Johannsen. 

DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY. 

A. Descriptive Geometry. This course is equivalent to courses 
8 or 9, Register, page 398. A study of the representation of lines, 
planes, surfaces, and solids ; and of their inter-relation ; tangents, 
intersections, and developments ; warped surfaces ; shades and 
shadows; perspective. Thesubject is presented by lectures and notes, 
and the student is expected to establish the principles and methods 
presented by graphical solution of original problems, worked out in 
the drawing hours. Ivcctures, daily ex. S., 8. Drawing, daily ex. S., 
9-12. Lincoln Hall. Mr. Pond. 

The work of this Course will be accepted for the Descriptive 
Geometry required in Sibley College. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




